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Land Transfers Support Modern Agriculture in Xiaogang Village.doc
Land Transfers Support Modern Agriculture in Xiaogang Village
XIAOGANG Village in FengyangCounty, Anhui Province, is atypical rural settlement wheremost farmers live by growinggrain crops. In 1978, 18 of them bravelybegan to explore a household-based landcontract system, turning a new page inthe history of Chinas countryside. Sincethen, China has stabilized and improvedits household contract responsibilitysystem, linking remuneration to outputand encouraging diversified operations.Nowadays, the backland village onceagain stands on the forefront of Chinasland reforms by embracing the trend ofexploring land transfers as a method ofdeveloping modern agriculture.
Household.based ContractSystem:Main Mode ofAgricultural Operation
Before 1978, like other villages in Chi-na, Xiaogang was a part of the PeoplesCommune. Centralized land operationwas practiced, and the income gainedfrom the land was distributed on thebasis of labor contributed. The PeoplesCommune blindly pursued large scaleoperations and a commitment to publicownership, putting serious restraints onthe initiative of farmers. Under the egali-tarian distribution mechanism, farmerssaw no ineentive to work hard. Theirgrain output was insufficient to feedthem, and basic agricultural productioncould not be sustained.
Xiaogang Village, with a populationof more than 100 people in 2o house-holds, was infamous for its poverty. Af-ter autumn harvest, most villagers tookup seasonal work as beggars. Manyfamilies lived in shabby thatched houses,and some were so poor that an entirefamily shared only one cotton-paddedquilt. To shake off poverty, on the nightof November 24, 1978, 18 farmers inXiaogang Village broke away from themanagement orthodoxy of the PeoplesCommune, and made the bold decisionto practice a land contract system, un-der which local households distributedamong them farmland and other meansof agricultural production that wereformerly held collectively. The idea wasto manage them individu
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