钢轨踏面斜裂纹超声表面波B扫成像检测研究 .pdfVIP

学兔兔 第31卷 第 10期 仪 器 仪 表 学 报 Vo1．3l No．1O 2010年 10月 Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument 0ct．2010 钢轨踏面斜裂纹超声表面波B扫成像检测研究丰 卢 超，魏运飞，徐 薇 (南昌航宅大学无损检测技术教育部重点实验室 南昌 330063) 摘 要：由滚动接触疲劳引起的钢轨踏面斜裂纹已成为目前高速铁路在役钢轨无损检测中的重要问题，现有的铁路钢轨超声 探伤车(仪)难以检测此类缺陷。采用低频超声表面波方法，沿钢轨长度方向对钢轨踏面斜裂纹进行 B扫成像检测。由于钢轨 轨头为带圆弧边的矩形截面，在钢轨表面激发和传播的低频表面波已不再是经典的Rayleigh波，而是一类导波，导波的多模式 对表面波成像检测形成了干扰。为减小干扰，将空间平均技术应用于钢轨踏面斜裂纹的表面波B扫成像。对人工缺陷试块和 钢轨试样的B扫成像实验结果表明，利用空间平均技术能有效的抑制此类干扰，提高信噪比，可对钢轨踏面斜裂纹作快速检测 和定位。 关键词：钢轨踏面斜裂纹；超声表面波；空间平均技术；B扫描 中图分类号：U213．43 文献标识码：A 国家标准学科分类代码：460．4099 Study on B-scan imaging detection for rail tread tilted cracks using ultrasonic surface wave Lu Chao，Wei Yunfei，Xu Wei (Key Lab ofNondestructive Testing，Ministry ofEducation，Nanchang Hangkong University，Nanchang 330063，China) Abstract：Rail tread tilted cracks induced by rolling contact fatigue are common problems in nondestructive testing of modern hi【gh speed railways．Existing railway rail ultrasonic flaw detection vehicle(instrument)has difficulties to detect such defects．An imaging method based on low frequency ultrasonic surface wave B—scan along rail length di rection is presented in this paper to detect rail tread tilted cracks．Because railhead has a rectangular cross section with circular edge，the low一~equency surface wave propagating along the railhead is no longer classical Rayleigh wave，but a class of guided wave．The multi—mode characteristics of guided wave interfere the surface wave B scan imaging detection of tilted cracks．To suppress this kind of interference efficiently，spatial averaging method is used in surface wave B—scan imaging detection of rail tread tilted cracks．The B—scan imaging experiment result