环境微生物学4原核微生物.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Figure: 04-47a-e Caption: Chemotaxis. (a–e) Techniques for measuring chemotaxis in bacteria. (a) Insertion of capillary into a bacterial suspension. As the capillary is inserted, gradient formation begins. (b) Accumulation of bacteria in a capillary containing an attractant. (c) Control capillary contains a salt solution that is neither an attractant nor a repellent. Cell concentration inside the capillary becomes the same as that outside. (d) Repulsion of bacteria by a repellent. (e) Time course showing cell numbers in capillaries containing various chemicals. (f) Tracks of motile bacteria in seawater swarming around an algal cell (large white spot, center) taken using a tracking video camera system attached to a microscope. Note how the bacterial cells are responding positively to oxygen (that is, showing aerotaxis) produced through photosynthesis by the alga. The average velocity of the cells was about 25 μm/sec. The alga is about 60 μm in diameter. * * * * Figure: 04-63 Caption: Stages in endospore formation. The stages listed (0 through VII) are defined from both genetic studies and microscopic analyses. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 第三节 蓝细菌 蓝细菌(cyanobacteria) 是一类分布广泛、具有单细胞或多细胞的形态特征、含有叶绿素a和藻胆素并能进行产氧光合作用的原核微生物的统称。 因形态和大小接近藻类，曾称为蓝藻(blue algae)或蓝绿藻(blue-green algae) ，确认原核后将其归入原核微生物。 分类学上，蓝细菌是指细菌域、蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)的原核微生物。 返回 * * 一、蓝细菌的形态与构造 基本形态有球状、杆状和长丝状。丝状蓝细菌的结构呈简单的管状、分化为真性或假性分枝。细胞宽度或直径0.5~100 μm。 蓝细菌呈革兰氏阴性，其细胞壁的组成和结构与革兰氏阴性细胞类似，但肽聚糖层较厚。蓝细菌分泌黏液，细胞聚集成团；产生胶质鞘，将细胞包围在胶质鞘内。含有气泡，可使菌体漂浮。 * * 蓝细菌形态 （a）黏杆菌属(Gloeothece)，单细胞；（b）皮果蓝细菌属(Dermocarpa)，聚集生长;（c）颤蓝细菌属(Oscillatoria)，丝状； （d）鱼腥蓝细菌属(Anabaena); （e）鱼腥蓝细菌属(Anabaena)，丝状、有异形胞；（f）飞氏蓝细菌属(Fischerella)，丝状、分枝。 （引自Madigan M T et al, 2006） 返回 （a）