ch1-1.1作系统概观_2012.pptVIP

操作系统教程(第4版)第一章 操作系统概论 第一章 操作系统概论 1.1 操作系统概观 1.2 操作系统的形成和发展 1.3 操作系统提供的服务和用户接口 1.4 操作系统结构和运行模型 1.5 流行操作系统简介 1.1操作系统概观 1.1.1 操作系统的定义和目标 1.1.2 操作系统的资源管理技术 1.1.3 操作系统的作用与功能 1.1.4 操作系统的主要特性 What is Operating System Operating System is a program that is executed in the computer hardware. (just as ordinary software) A program that controls the execution of application programs A program that manages the resources of computer system An interface between applications and hardware 操作系统是计算机系统最基础的系统软件，它管理软硬件资源、控制程序执行，改善人机界面，合理组织计算机工作流程，为用户使用计算机提供良好运行环境 Computer System Structure Computer system can be divided into four components Hardware – provides basic computing resources CPU, memory, I/O devices Operating system Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users Application programs – define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users Word processors, compilers, web browsers, database systems, video games Users People, machines, other computers Four Components of a Computer System What is an Operating System? A program that manages the computer hardware and A program that acts as an intermediary between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. Operating system goals: Execute user programs and make solving user problems easier Make the computer system convenient to use Use the computer hardware efficiently What is an Operating System? A program that controls the execution of application programs and acts an interface between applications and the computer hardware. Three objectives: Convenience Efficiency Ability to evolve What is an Operating System? 计算机系统的层次结构(1) 计算机系统的层次结构(2) 硬件层 操作系统层 支撑软件层 应用软件层 操作系统与支撑软件及应用软件的区别 程序意图不同； 操作系统是软件系统的核心，是各种软件的基础运行平台； 通用操作系统提供共性功能支持，与硬件相关但和应用领域无关； 支撑软件及应用软件不能直接而只能通过操作系统来使用计算机系统的物理资源。 操作系统的主要目标 方便用户使用 OS通过提供用户与计算机之间的友善接口来方便用户使用。 扩大机器功能 OS通过扩充改造硬件设施和机器功能为用户提供各种服务， //也可能通过软件的方式实现本来应该由硬件实现而没有实现的功能。 管理系统资源 管理软件硬件资源，使之得到充分利用 提高系统效率 合理组