Atoms and Nanoparticles of Transition Metals as Catalysts for Hydrogen Desorption from Magnesium Hydride英文文献资料.docVIP

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Atoms and Nanoparticles of Transition Metals as Catalysts for Hydrogen Desorption from Magnesium Hydride英文文献资料.doc

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Atoms and Nanoparticles of Transition Metals as Catalysts for Hydrogen Desorption from Magnesium Hydride英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation JournalofNanomaterials Volume2011,ArticleID865969,11pages doi:10.1155/2011/865969 ReviewArticle AtomsandNanoparticlesofTransitionMetalsasCatalystsfor HydrogenDesorptionfromMagnesiumHydride N.Bazzanella,R.Checchetto,andA.Miotello DipartimentodiFisicaUniversit`adegliStudidiTrento,38123Povo,Italy CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoA.Miotello,antonio.miotello@unitn.it Received9April2010;Accepted18August2010 AcademicEditor:BoZou Copyright?2011N.Bazzanellaetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense, whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. Thehydrogendesorptionkineticsofcompositematerialsmadeofmagnesiumhydridewithtransitionmetaladditives(TM:Nb,Fe, andZr)wasstudiedbyseveralexperimentaltechniquesshowingthat(i)afewTMat.%concentrationscatalysetheH2desorption process,(ii)theH2 desorptionkineticsresultsstabilizedafterafewH2 sorptioncycleswhenTMatomsaggregatebyforming nanoclusters;(iii)thecatalyticprocessoccursalsoatTMconcentrationaslowas0.06at.%whenTMatomsclusteringisnegligible, and(iv)mixedFeandZradditivesproducefasterH2desorptionkineticsthansingleadditive.TheimprovedH2desorptionkinetics ofthecompositematerialscanbeexplainedbyassumingthattheinterfacesbetweentheMgH2matrixandtheTMnanoclusters actasheterogeneoussitesforthenucleationoftheMgphaseintheMgH2 matrixandpromotetheformationoffastdi?usion channelsforHmigratingatoms. 1.Introduction The major improvements are generally obtained by the use of a proper metal or metal oxide additive. Transition metals or transition metal oxides additives favour the H2 dissociation [5] and can further improve the H2 sorption kineticsindi?erentways.Nanocompositematerialsformed bymillingMgH2andNborNboxidepowdersarethemost studiedsystems.Time-resolvedX-rayssynchrotronanalysis suggestedthetransformationduringH2desorptionat573K oftheNbHnanocatalystinthemetastable,Hvacancyrich NbH0.6phases:thecatalytice?ect