Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder secondary to lesion of the basal ganglia英文文献资料.docVIP

World Journal of Neuroscience, 2012, 2, 44-46 WJNS /10.4236/wjns.2012.21007 Published Online February 2012 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/wjns/) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder secondary to lesion of the basal ganglia Giovanni Mazzotta, Lucia Cirulli, Marco Sposato, Domenico Serino Unit of Childhood Neuropsychiatry ASL04, Terni, Italy Email: mazzogio@unipg.it Received 27 September 2011; revised 7 November 2011; accepted 13 December 2011 ABSTRACT cortex and the basal ganglia [2], which would result in abnormal responses to environmental stimuli. Ischemic stroke is rare in the paediatric age, and related reports in literature regarding postictal attentional and behavioural alterations are even rarer. We describe the case of a 9-year old boy affected by glucose-6-phosphate dehydro- genase deficiency and a clinical history of cerebral stroke resulting in damage of the basal ganglia, with memory, behavioural and attentive disabilities. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a childhood onset autoregulation disorder character- ized by attention deficit, hyperactivity and/or impul- siveness, which results in social and academic func- tional impairment. ADHD has a complex aetiology: along with genetic factors, anomalies in several cere- bral districts have been reported. We describe the case of a 9-year old boy with glucose-6-phosphate de- hydrogenase deficiency in association with memory, behavioural and attentive disabilities. The patient’s clinical history is characterized by cerebral stroke at 3 years of age during a febrile episode, resulted in slight hemiparesis. Neuroimaging revealed a cystic lesion in the anterior portion of the right lenticular nucleus. Neuropsychological and psychiatric assess- ment evidenced alterations of executive functions. Diagnosis of ADHD secondary to lesion of the basal ganglia was made. We report the pati