翻译方法—词性转换.ppt

转性 词性转换 由于英语和汉语这两种语言表达习惯的不同，思维着眼点的不同，由此也就产生了对于词类的不同的使用方式和使用习惯，比如说，英语中有大量使用名词作为中心词的句子，在汉语中往往用以动词作为中心词的句子来进行表达，也就是说，英语中有大量的静态的句子，而这些句子到了汉语中就必须加以动态化英汉遣词造句的习惯不同，为了使译文流畅易懂，也为了符合目的语的表达方式，在英汉互译时译者经常有必要改变原词的词性。词类转换是英汉互译时最常用的一种变通手法，通过词类的转换可以突破原文的句式，引起句法的转换，词类转换也是避免“中式英语”(Chinese English)或“英式汉语”(Anglicized Chinese)的重要手段。译者应根据上下文灵活处理，以求译文符合目的语的表达习惯。 For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increases of the prices of manufactured goods. 如果不进行词类的转换，这名话可能被译为“在二十年中，我们是原料价格下跌、工业品价格暴涨的消极目击者。”但是，这种说法并不符合汉语的表达习惯，我们对witness的词类进行转化，则表达起来就显得顺畅多了 名词的转换 （1）英语中许多由动词派生的名词（多见于政论文体中）和具有动作意义的名词（多见于记叙、描写文体中），往往可根据需要转译成汉语中的动词 The settlement of Africa by white people started 500 years ago. The extension of China’s Most Favored Nation status by the U.S. is conductive to the advancement of sustained and stable trade relations between the two countries. The matter is receiving the serious consideration of the school. He reported the theft of his passport to the police. My recognition of him was immediate. There were also those who agreed with everything about the book except its publication. The two leaders stated that both countries would develop good-neighborly and friendly relations on the basis of mutual respect for sovereignty（主权） and territorial integrity, non-aggression, no-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful co-existence. The international food shortage had a direct impact on Kuwait and other desert countries. The pianist gave a fine performance. He feared the withdrawal of his parents permission. Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. （2）英语中有些带后缀-er表示某种职业和身份的名词，在句子中不一定真的指职业或者身份，而是含有很强的动作意味，在这种情况下就可以把这些词转换成动词加以翻译。 I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. O. Henry is the creator of a new short story genre in literature. He is no smoker, but his father is a