普通化学 赵士铎 (第三版)习题答案.doc

普通化学 （第三版）习题答案 中国农业大学 无机及分析化学教研组编 第一章 分散系 1.1 （1） 溶液的凝固点下降 土壤溶液浓度过大，渗透压大于植物根细胞液的渗透压 溶液的凝固点下降 沸点不断上升，至溶液达到饱和后，沸点恒定； 蒸气凝结温度恒定，等于溶剂的沸点。 1.3 1.4 凝固点自高至低顺序：葡萄糖溶液、醋酸溶液、氯化钾溶液 1.5 b = 1.17 mol(kg-1 (Tb = Kbb = 0.52K(kg(mol-1(1.17 mol(kg-1 = 0.61K Tb = 373.76K = 100.61℃ (Tf = Kf b = 1.86K(kg(mol-1(1.17 mol(kg-1 = 2.18K Tf = 270.87K = - 2.18 1.6 ( = cRT = 1.7 化合物中C、H、O原子数比为21：30：2 故该化合物的化学式为C21H30O2 1.8 化学热力学基础 2.1 (1)错误；(2)正确；(3) 错误；（4）错误；(5)正确；(6)正确；(7) 错误；（8）错误 2.2 （1/4）[反应式（1）-反应式(2)]得：(1/2)N2(g)+(1/2)O2(g)=NO(g) ((fHm((NO,g)=(1/4){ (rHm((1) - (rHm((2)} =(1/4)[-1107kJ(mol-1-(-1150 kJ(mol-1)] =90 kJ(mol-1 2.3 （1/4）[反应式（3）-反应式(4)+3(反应式(2)- 反应式(1)]得： N2(g)+2H2(g)=N2H4(l)((((((5) ((fHm((N2H4,,g)=(1/4){ (rHm((3) - (rHm((4)+ 3((rHm((2) - (rHm((1)} = (1/4){-143kJ(mol-1-(-286kJ(mol-1+3((-317kJ(mol-1)-(-1010kJ(mol-1)) = 50.5 kJ(mol-1 2(反应式（4）-反应式（5）得： N2H4(l)+ )O2(g)= N2(g)+2H2O(l) (rHm(=2((rHm((4)- (rHm((5)=2((-286 kJ(mol-1)- 50.5kJ(mol-1= -622.5 kJ(mol-1 2.4 (rHm(=2(fHm((CO2,g)+3(fHm((H2O,l)+(-1)( (fHm((CH3OCH3,l)+(- 3)(fHm((O2,g) ((fHm((CH3OCH3,l) =2(fHm((CO2,g) +3(fHm((H2O,l)- (rHm(= -183 kJ(mol-1 2.5 C(s)+O2(g) (rHm((1) CO2(g) (rHm((2) (rHm((3) CO(g)+(1/2)O2(g) 由题意知，(rHm((1)0, (rHm((2)0, (rHm((3)0 ((rHm((1)= (rHm((2)+ (rHm((3) (rHm((1)-(rHm((3)= (rHm((2)0 即：以碳直接作燃料时放热较多 2.6 C(s)+H2O(g)=CO(g)+H2(g) (rHm(= (fHm((CO,g)+ (-1)(fHm((H2O,g)= -110.5 kJ(mol-1 -(-)241.8 kJ(mol-1=131.3 kJ(mol-1 C(s)+O2(g)+H2O(g) (rHm((1) CO2(g) +H2O(g) (rHm((2) (rHm((3) CO(g)+H2(g)+O2(g) ((rHm((1)= (rHm((2)+ (rHm((3) ((rHm((1) - (rHm((3) = (rHm((2)0 由题意知，(rH