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Ch 22 Inspection Technologies Sections: Inspection Metrology Contact vs. Noncontact Inspection Techniques Conventional Measuring and Gaging Techniques Coordinate Measuring Machines Surface Measurement Machine Vision Other Optical Inspection Techniques Noncontact Nonoptical Inspection Technologies Inspection Metrology Measurement - a procedure in which an unknown quantity is compared to a known standard, using an accepted and consistent system of units The means by which inspection by variables is accomplished Metrology – the science of measurement Concerned with seven basic quantities: length, mass, electric current, temperature, luminous intensity, time, and matter From these basic quantities, other physical quantities are derived Characteristics of Measuring Instruments Accuracy – how closely the measured value agrees with the true value Precision – a measure of the repeatability of the measurement process Rule of 10 – the measuring instrument must be ten time more precise than the specified tolerance Resolution – the smallest variation of the variable that can be detected Speed of response – how long the instrument takes to measure the variable Others: operating range, reliability, cost Accuracy vs. Precision (a) (b) (c) (a) High accuracy but low precision, (b) low accuracy but high precision, and (c) high accuracy and high precision Analog vs. Digital Instruments Analog measuring instrument – output signal varies continuously with the variable being measured Output signal can take on any of an infinite number of possible values over its operating range Digital measuring instrument – can assume any of a discrete number of incremental values corresponding to the variable being measured Number of possible output values is finite Advantages: Ease of reading the instrument Ease of interfacing to a computer Two Basic Types of Inspection Techniques Contact inspection Makes contact with object being inspected Noncontact inspection Does n