A Dynamical Systems Hypothesis of Schizophrenia 英文参考文献.docVIP

ADynamicalSystemsHypothesisof Schizophrenia Marco Loh1,Edmund T.Rolls2*,Gustavo Deco1,3 1 Department of Technology, Universitas Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain, 2 Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kindgom, 3Institucio′ CatalanadeRecercaiEstudisAvanc?ats, Barcelona,Spain Weproposeatop-downapproachtothesymptomsofschizophreniabasedonastatisticaldynamicalframework.We showthatareduceddepthinthebasinsofattractionofcorticalattractorstatesdestabilizestheactivityatthenetwork level due to the constant statistical fluctuations caused by the stochastic spiking of neurons. In integrate-and-fire networksimulations,adecreaseintheNMDAreceptorconductances,whichreducesthedepthoftheattractorbasins, decreases the stability of short-term memory states and increases distractibility. The cognitive symptoms of schizophreniasuchasdistractibility,workingmemorydeficits,orpoorattentioncouldbecausedbythisinstabilityof attractor states in prefrontal cortical networks. Lower firing rates are also produced, and in the orbitofrontal and anteriorcingulatecortexcouldaccountforthenegativesymptoms,includingareductionofemotions.Decreasingthe GABAaswellastheNMDAconductancesproducesnotonlyswitchesbetweentheattractorstates,butalsojumpsfrom spontaneousactivity intooneoftheattractors. Werelatethis tothepositivesymptoms ofschizophrenia,including delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations, which may arise because the basins of attraction are shallow and there is instability in temporal lobe semantic memory networks, leading thoughts to move too freely round the attractor energylandscape. Citation:LohM,RollsET,DecoG(2007)Adynamicalsystemshypothesisofschizophrenia.PLoSComputBiol3(11):e228.doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030228 between the neurons representing each pattern, which together make the attractor state resistant to distraction by Introduction Schizophreniaisamajormentalillness,whichhasagreat impact on patients and their environment. One of the dif?culties in