A Quick Guide to Software Licensing for the Scientist-Programmer 英文参考文献.docVIP

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A Quick Guide to Software Licensing for the Scientist-Programmer 英文参考文献.doc

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A Quick Guide to Software Licensing for the Scientist-Programmer 英文参考文献

Education AQuickGuidetoSoftwareLicensingfortheScientist- Programmer AndrewMorin1,JenniferUrban2,PiotrSliz1* 1Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2Samuelson Law, TechnologyPublicPolicyClinic,SchoolofLaw,UniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley,Berkeley,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Computing is ubiquitous in every institutional TTO when choosing soft- ware licenses. intellectual property (IP) rights. Under policies most domain of scientific research. Software is themeans bywhichscientistsharnessthe power of computers, and much scientific computing relies on software conceived and developed by other practicing re- searchers. The task of creating scientific software, however, does not end with the publication of computed results. Making the developed software available for in- spection and use by other scientists is essential to reproducibility, peer-review, andtheabilitytobuilduponothers’work [1,2].Infulfillingexpectationstodistribute and disseminate their software, scientist- programmers are required to be not only proficient scientists and coders, but also knowledgeable in legal strategies for li- censing their software. Navigating the oftencomplexlegallandscapeofsoftware licensing can be overwhelming, even for sophisticated programmers. Institutional technology transfer offices (TTOs) exist to help address this need, but due to mismatches in expectations or specific domain knowledge, interactions between scientists and TTO staff can result in suboptimaloutcomes. the research of institutions, academic researchers and who WhySoftwareLicensesAre Important have created a piece of software are unlikely toown full rights totheir works. Instead, theinstitution generally holds or shares legal right to developed software. Institutions’ policies on IP ownership vary, but in most cases your institution will bethelegal ‘‘rights owner,’’ and will be the entity that actually gr