Adapting to a Changing World Unraveling the Role of Man-Made Habitats as Alternative Feeding Areas for Slender-Billed Gull (Chroicocephalus genei) 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Adapting to a Changing World Unraveling the Role of Man-Made Habitats as Alternative Feeding Areas for Slender-Billed Gull (Chroicocephalus genei) 英文参考文献.doc

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Adapting to a Changing World Unraveling the Role of Man-Made Habitats as Alternative Feeding Areas for Slender-Billed Gull (Chroicocephalus genei) 英文参考文献

AdaptingtoaChangingWorld:UnravelingtheRoleof Man-MadeHabitatsasAlternativeFeedingAreasfor Slender-BilledGull(Chroicocephalusgenei) FranciscoRam?′rez1*,JoanNavarro2,IsabelAfa′n3,KeithA.Hobson4,AntonioDelgado5, ManuelaG.Forero1 1Estacio′n Biolo′gica de Don?ana, Department de Biolog?′a de la Conservacio′n, Sevilla, Spain, 2Institut de Cie`ncies del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, 3Estacion′ Biolog′ica de Don?ana, Laboratorio de SIG y Teledeteccio′n, Sevilla, Spain, 4Environment Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, 5Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, Granada,Spain Abstract Currentratesofwildlifehabitatlosshaveplacedincreasingdemandsonmanagerstodevelop,validateandimplementtools aimedatimprovingourabilitytoevaluatesuchimpactsonwildlife.Here,wepresentacasestudyconductedattheNatural AreaofDon?ana(SWSpain)whereremotesensingandstableisotope(d13C,d15N)analysesofindividualswerecombinedto unravel (1) the effect of variations in availability of natural food resources (i.e. from natural marshes) on reproductive performanceofaSlender-billedGull(Chroicocephalusgenei)population,and(2)theroleoftwoadjacent,artificialsystems(a fish farm and saltmines) as alternate anthropogenic feeding areas. Based on long-term (1983–2004) remote-sensing, we inferredtheaverageextentoffloodedareaatthemarshland(aproxytonaturalresourceavailability)annually.Estimated floodedareas(rangingfromextremedrought[ca.151ha,1995]tohighmoisture[15,049ha,2004])werepositivelyrelated toreproductivesuccessofgulls(estimatedforthe1993–2004period,andrangingfromca.0to1.7fledglingsperbreeding pairs),suggestingthathabitatavailabilityplayedaroleindeterminingtheirreproductiveperformance.Basedonbloodd13C andd15Nvaluesoffledglings,2001–2004,andaBayesianisotopicmixingmodel,weconcludethatsaltminesactedasthe main alternative foraging habitat for gulls, with relative contributions increasing as the extent of marshland decreased. Althoughadjacent,anthropogenicsystemshavebeenestablishedasthepreferredbreedingsitesforthisgullpopulati