Algivore or Phototroph Plakobranchus ocellatus (Gastropoda) Continuously Acquires Kleptoplasts and Nutrition from Multiple Algal Species in Nature 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Algivore or Phototroph Plakobranchus ocellatus (Gastropoda) Continuously Acquires Kleptoplasts and Nutrition from Multiple Algal Species in Nature 英文参考文献.doc

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Algivore or Phototroph Plakobranchus ocellatus (Gastropoda) Continuously Acquires Kleptoplasts and Nutrition from Multiple Algal Species in Nature 英文参考文献

AlgivoreorPhototroph?Plakobranchusocellatus (Gastropoda)ContinuouslyAcquiresKleptoplastsand NutritionfromMultipleAlgalSpeciesinNature TaroMaeda1,2,EuichiHirose3,YoshitoChikaraishi2,MasaruKawato2,KiyotakaTakishita2, TakaoYoshida1,2,HeroenVerbruggen4,5,JiroTanaka1,ShigeruShimamura2,YoshihiroTakaki2, MasashiTsuchiya2,KenjiIwai6,TadashiMaruyama1,2* 1Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7, Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 2Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan, 3Department of Chemistry, Biology and MarineScience,FacultyofScience,UniversityoftheRyukyus,Nishihara-cho,Okinawa,Japan,4PhycologyResearchGroup,GhentUniversity,Krijgslaan281(S8),Ghent, Belgium, 5School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 6Okinawa Prefectural Fisheries and Ocean Research Center, 1-3-1 Nishizaki, Itoman-shi, Okinawa,Japan Abstract TheseaslugPlakobranchusocellatus(Sacoglossa,Gastropoda)retainsphotosyntheticallyactivechloroplastsfromingested algae(functionalkleptoplasts)intheepithelialcellsofitsdigestiveglandforupto10months.Whileitsfeedingbehaviorhas notbeenobservedinnaturalhabitats,twohypotheseshavebeenproposed:1)adultP.ocellatususeskleptoplaststoobtain photosynthatesandnutritionallybehavesasaphotoautotrophwithoutreplenishingthekleptoplasts;or2)itbehavesasa mixotroph(photoautotrophandherbivorousconsumer)andreplenisheskleptoplastscontinuallyorperiodically.Toaddress thequestionofwhichhypothesisismorelikely,weexaminedthesourcealgaeforkleptoplastsandtemporalchangesin kleptoplast composition andnutritionalcontribution. By characterizingthe temporaldiversity of P. ocellatuskleptoplasts using rbcL sequences, we found that P. ocellatus harvests kleptoplasts from at least 8 different siphonous green algal species, that kleptoplasts from more than one species are present in each individual sea slug, and that the kleptoplast compo