Almost There Transmission Routes of Bacterial Symbionts between Trophic Levels 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Almost There Transmission Routes of Bacterial Symbionts between Trophic Levels 英文参考文献.doc

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Almost There Transmission Routes of Bacterial Symbionts between Trophic Levels 英文参考文献

AlmostThere:TransmissionRoutesofBacterial SymbiontsbetweenTrophicLevels EladChiel1,2,3*,EinatZchori-Fein2,MosheInbar1,YuvalGottlieb4,TetsuyaAdachi-Hagimori3,5, SuzanneE.Kelly3,MarkK.Asplen6,MarthaS.Hunter3 1DepartmentofEvolutionaryandEnvironmentalBiology,UniversityofHaifa,Haifa,Israel,2DepartmentofEntomology,Newe-Ya’arResearchCenter,ARO,Ramat-Yishai, Israel,3DepartmentofEntomology,UniversityofArizona,Tucson,Arizona,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4DepartmentofEntomology,theVolcaniCenter,ARO,Beit-Dagan, Israel, 5Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, HiroshimaUniversity,Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan, 6Department ofEntomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul,Minnesota,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Many intracellular microbial symbionts of arthropods are strictly vertically transmitted and manipulate their host’s reproductioninwaysthatenhancetheirowntransmission.Rarehorizontaltransmissioneventsarenonethelessnecessary forsymbiontspreadtonovelhostlineages.Horizontaltransmissionhasbeenmostlyinferredfromphylogeneticstudiesbut themechanismsofspreadarestilllargelyamystery.Here,weinvestigatedtransmissionoftwodistantlyrelatedbacterial symbionts – Rickettsia and Hamiltonella – from their host, the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, to three species of whiteflyparasitoids:Eretmocerusemiratus,EretmoceruseremicusandEncarsiapergandiella.Wealsoexaminedthepotential forverticaltransmissionofthesewhiteflysymbiontsbetweenparasitoidgenerations.Usingflorescenceinsituhybridization (FISH)andtransmissionelectronmicroscopywefoundthatRickettsiainvadesEretmoceruslarvaeduringdevelopmentina Rickettsia-infected host, persists in adults and in females, reaches the ovaries. However, Rickettsia does not appear to penetratetheoocytes,butinsteadislocalizedinthefollicularepithelialcellsonly.Consequently,Rickettsiaisnotvertically transmittedinEretmoceruswasps,aresultsupportedbydiagnosticpolymerasechainreaction(PCR).Incontrast,Rickettsia provedtobemerelytransientinthedigestivetractofEncarsiaandwasexc