Alternate Bearing in Citrus Changes in the Expression of Flowering Control Genes and in Global Gene Expression in ON- versus OFF-Crop Trees 英文参考文献.docVIP

AlternateBearinginCitrus:ChangesintheExpressionof FloweringControlGenesandinGlobalGeneExpression inON-versusOFF-CropTrees LironShalom1,SivanSamuels1,NaftaliZur1,LyudmilaShlizerman1,HanitaZemach1,MiraWeissberg1, RonOphir1,EduardoBlumwald2,AviSadka1* 1DepartmentofFruitTreeSciences,AgriculturalResearchOrganization,TheVolcaniCenter,BetDagan,Israel,2DepartmentofPlantSciences,UniversityofCalifornia Davis,Davis,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Alternatebearing(AB)istheprocessinfruittreesbywhichcyclesofheavyyield(ONcrop)oneyeararefollowedbyalight yield (OFF crop) the next. Heavy yield usually reduces flowering intensity the following year. Despite its agricultural importance, how the developing crop influences the following year’s return bloom and yield is not fully understood. It mightbeassumedthatan‘ABsignal’isgeneratedinthefruit,orinanotherorganthatsensesfruitpresence,andmovesinto the bud to determine its fate—flowering or vegetative growth. The bud then responds to fruit presence by altering regulatoryandmetabolicpathways.Determiningthesepathways,andwhentheyarealtered,mightindicatethenatureof thisputativeABsignal.Westudiedbudmorphology,theexpressionoffloweringcontrolgenes,andglobalgeneexpression inON-andOFF-cropbuds.InMay,shortlyafterfloweringandfruitset,OFF-cropbudswerealreadysignificantlylongerthan ON-crop buds. The number of differentially expressed genes was higher in May than at the other tested time points. ProcessesdifferentiallyexpressedbetweenON-andOFF-croptreesincludedkeymetabolicandregulatorypathways,such asphotosynthesisandsecondarymetabolism.Theexpressionofgenesoftrehalosemetabolismandflavonoidmetabolism wasvalidatedbynCountertechnology,andthelatterwasconfirmedbymetabolomicanalysis.Amonggenesinducedin OFF-crop trees was one homologous to SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING-LIKE (SPL), which controls juvenile-to-adult and annualphasetransitions,regulatedbymiR156.TheexpressionpatternofSPL-like,miR156andotherfloweringcontrolgenes suggestedthatfruitloadaffects