An Ecosystem Evaluation Framework for Global Seamount Conservation and Management 英文参考文献.docVIP

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An Ecosystem Evaluation Framework for Global Seamount Conservation and Management 英文参考文献.doc

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An Ecosystem Evaluation Framework for Global Seamount Conservation and Management 英文参考文献

AnEcosystemEvaluationFrameworkforGlobal SeamountConservationandManagement GeraldH.Taranto1,Kristina?.Kvile1,TonyJ.Pitcher2,TelmoMorato1* 1DepartamentodeOceanografiaePescas,IMAR,LARSYS,UniversidadedosAc?ores,Horta,Portugal,2FisheriesCenter,UniversityofBritishColumbia,Vancouver,Canada Abstract Inthelasttwentyyears,severalglobaltargetsforprotectionofmarinebiodiversityhavebeenadoptedbuthavefailed.The ConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD)aimsatpreserving10%ofallthemarinebiomesby2020.Forachievingthisgoal, ecologically or biologically significant areas (EBSA) have to be identified in all biogeographic regions. However, the methodologiesforidentifyingthebestsuitableareasarestilltobeagreed.Here,weproposeaframeworkforapplyingthe CBD criteria to locate potential ecologically or biologically significant seamount areas based on the best information currently available. The framework combines the likelihood of a seamount constituting an EBSA and its level of human impact and can be used at global, regional and local scales. This methodology allows the classification of individual seamounts into four major portfolio conservation categories which can help optimize management efforts toward the protectionofthemostsuitableareas.Theframeworkwastestedagainst1000dummyseamountsandsatisfactorilyassigned seamountstoproperEBSAandthreatscategories.Additionally,theframeworkwasappliedtoeightcasestudyseamounts thatwereincludedinthreeoutoffourportfoliocategories:areashighlylikelytobeidentifiedasEBSAwithhighdegreeof threat;areashighlylikelytobeEBSAwithlowdegreeofthreat;andareaswithalowlikelihoodofbeingEBSAwithhigh degreeofthreat.ThisframeworkwillallowmanagerstoidentifyseamountEBSAsandtoprioritizetheirpoliciesintermsof protecting undisturbed areas,disturbed areas for recoveryof habitats and species, or both based on theirmanagement objectives.ItalsoidentifiesseamountEBSAsandthreatsconsideringdifferentecologicalgroupsinbothpelagicandbenthic communities. Therefore, this framework may represent an i