An ABC Transporter Mutation Is Correlated with Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac Toxin 英文参考文献.docVIP

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An ABC Transporter Mutation Is Correlated with Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac Toxin 英文参考文献.doc

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An ABC Transporter Mutation Is Correlated with Insect Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac Toxin 英文参考文献

AnABCTransporterMutationIsCorrelatedwithInsect ResistancetoBacillusthuringiensisCry1AcToxin LindaJ.Gahan1,YannickPauchet2,HeikoVogel2,DavidG.Heckel2* 1Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America, 2Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for ChemicalEcology,Jena,Germany Abstract TransgeniccropsproducinginsecticidaltoxinsfromBacillusthuringiensis(Bt)arecommerciallysuccessfulinreducingpest damage,yetknowledgeofresistancemechanismsthatthreatentheirsustainabilityisincomplete.Insectresistancetothe pore-formingCry1Actoxiniscorrelatedwiththelossofhigh-affinity,irreversiblebindingtothemid-gutmembrane,butthe genetic factors responsible for this change have been elusive. Mutations in a 12-cadherin-domain protein confer some Cry1Acresistancebutdonotblockthistoxinbindingininvitroassays.Wesoughttoidentifymutationsinothergenesthat mightberesponsibleforthelossofbinding.Weemployedamap-basedcloningapproachusingaseriesofbackcrosses with1,060progenytoidentifyaresistancegeneinthecottonpestHeliothisvirescensthatsegregatedindependentlyfrom thecadherinmutation.WefoundaninactivatingmutationoftheABCtransporterABCC2thatisgeneticallylinkedtoCry1Ac resistanceandiscorrelatedwithlossofCry1Acbindingtomembranevesicles.ABCproteinsareintegralmembraneproteins withmanyfunctions,includingexportoftoxicmoleculesfromthecell,buthavenotbeenimplicatedinthemodeofaction of Bt toxins before. The reduction in toxin binding due to the inactivating mutation suggests that ABCC2 is involved in membraneintegrationofthetoxinpore.OurfindingssuggestthatABCproteinsmayplayakeyroleinthemodeofaction ofBttoxinsandthatABCproteinmutationscanconferhighlevelsofresistancethatcouldthreatenthecontinuedutilization ofBt–expressingcrops.However,suchmutationsmayimposeaphysiologicalcostonresistantinsects,byreducingexport of other toxins such as plant secondary compounds from the cell. This weakness could be exploited to manage this mechanismofBtresistanceinthefield. Ci