An Investigation into the Cognition Behind Spontaneous String Pulling in New Caledonian Crows 英文参考文献.docVIP
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An Investigation into the Cognition Behind Spontaneous String Pulling in New Caledonian Crows 英文参考文献
AnInvestigationintotheCognitionBehindSpontaneous
StringPullinginNewCaledonianCrows
AlexH.Taylor*,FelipeS.Medina,JenniferC.Holzhaider,LindsayJ.Hearne,GavinR.Hunt,RussellD.
Gray*
DepartmentofPsychology,UniversityofAuckland,Auckland,NewZealand
Abstract
Theabilityofsomebird speciestopullupmeathungonastringis afamousexampleofspontaneousanimalproblem
solving.The‘‘insight’’hypothesisclaimsthatthiscomplexbehaviourisbasedoncognitiveabilitiessuchasmentalscenario
buildingandimagination.Anoperantconditioningaccount,incontrast,wouldclaimthatthisspontaneityisduetoeach
action in string pulling being reinforced by the meat moving closer and remaining closer to the bird on the perch. We
presented experienced and na?¨ve New Caledonian crows with a novel, visually restricted string-pulling problem that
reducedthequalityofvisualfeedbackduringstringpulling.Experiencedcrowssolvedthisproblemwithreducedefficiency
and increased errors compared to their performance in standard string pulling. Na?¨ve crows either failed or solved the
problem by trial and error learning. However, when visual feedback was available via a mirror mounted next to the
apparatus, two na?¨ve crows were able to perform at the same level as the experienced group. Our results raise the
possibility that spontaneous string pulling in New Caledonian crows may not be based on insight but on operant
conditioningmediatedbyaperceptual-motorfeedbackcycle.
Citation:TaylorAH,MedinaFS,HolzhaiderJC,HearneLJ,HuntGR,etal.(2010)AnInvestigationintotheCognitionBehindSpontaneousStringPullinginNew
CaledonianCrows.PLoSONE5(2):e9345.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009345
Editor:ColinAllen,IndianaUniversity,UnitedStatesofAmerica
ReceivedSeptember7,2009;AcceptedDecember31,2009;PublishedFebruary22,2010
Copyright: ? 2010 Taylor et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcear
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