Ant Queen Egg-Marking Signals Matching Deceptive Laboratory Simplicity with Natural Complexity 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Ant Queen Egg-Marking Signals Matching Deceptive Laboratory Simplicity with Natural Complexity 英文参考文献.doc

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Ant Queen Egg-Marking Signals Matching Deceptive Laboratory Simplicity with Natural Complexity 英文参考文献

AntQueenEgg-MarkingSignals:MatchingDeceptive LaboratorySimplicitywithNaturalComplexity JelleS.vanZweden1,2*,Ju¨rgenHeinze2,JacobusJ.Boomsma1,Patriziad’Ettorre1,2 1CentreforSocialEvolution,DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofCopenhagen,Copenhagen,Denmark,2BiologyI,UniversityofRegensburg,Regensburg,Germany Abstract Background: Experiments under controlled laboratory conditions can produce decisive evidence for testing biological hypotheses,providedtheyarerepresentativeofthemorecomplexnaturalconditions.However,whetherthisrequirement isfulfilledisseldomtestedexplicitly.Hereweprovidealab/fieldcomparisontoinvestigatetheidentityofanegg-marking signal of ant queens. Our study was based on ant workers resolving conflict over male production by destroying each other’seggs,butleavingqueeneggsunharmed.Forthis,theworkersneedaproximatecuetodiscriminatebetweenthe two egg types. Earlier correlative evidence indicated that, in the ant Pachycondyla inversa, the hydrocarbon 3,11- dimethylheptacosane(3,11-diMeC27)ismoreabundantonthesurfaceofqueen-laideggs. Methodology: We first tested the hypothesis that 3,11-diMeC27 functions as a queen egg-marking pheromone using laboratory-maintained colonies. We treated worker-laid eggs with synthetic 3,11-diMeC27 and found that they were significantly more accepted than sham-treated worker-laid eggs. However, we repeated the experiment with freshly collectedfieldcoloniesandobservednoeffectoftreatingworker-laideggswith3,11-diMeC27,showingthatthiscompound byitselfisnotthenaturalqueenegg-markingpheromone.Wesubsequentlyinvestigatedtheoveralldifferencesofentire chemicalprofilesofeggs,andfoundthatqueen-laideggsinfieldcoloniesaremoredistinctfromworker-laideggsthanin labcolonies,havemorevariationinprofiles,andhaveanexcessoflonger-chainhydrocarbons. Conclusions:Ourresultssuggestthatqueenegg-markingsignalsaresignificantlyaffectedbytransfertothelaboratory,and thatthischangeispossiblyconnectedtoreducedqueenfertilityaspredictedbyhonestsignalingtheory.Thischangei