Are Maternal Antibodies Really That Important Patterns in the Immunologic Development of Altricial Passerine House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Are Maternal Antibodies Really That Important Patterns in the Immunologic Development of Altricial Passerine House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) 英文参考文献.doc

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Are Maternal Antibodies Really That Important Patterns in the Immunologic Development of Altricial Passerine House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) 英文参考文献

AreMaternalAntibodiesReallyThatImportant?Patterns intheImmunologicDevelopmentofAltricialPasserine HouseSparrows(Passerdomesticus) MarisaO.King1*,JebP.Owen2,HubertG.Schwabl1 1SchoolofBiologicalSciences,WashingtonStateUniversity,Pullman,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DepartmentofEntomology,WashingtonStateUniversity, Pullman,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Maternal antibodies are believed to play an integral role in protecting immunologically immature wild- passerines from environmental antigens. This study comprehensively examines the early development of the adaptive immunesysteminanaltricial-developingwildpasserinespecies,thehousesparrow(Passerdomestics),bycharacterizingthe half-lifeofmaternalantibodiesinnestlingplasma,theonsetofdenovosynthesisofendogenousantibodiesbynestlings, and the timing of immunological independence, where nestlings rely entirely on their own antibodies for immunologic protection. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Inanaviarystudywevaccinatedfemalesagainstanovelantigenthatthesebirdswould not otherwise encounter in their natural environment, and measured both antigen-specific and total antibody concentrationintheplasmaoffemales,yolks,andnestlings.Wetracedthetransferofmaternalantibodiesfromfemales tonestlingsthroughtheyolkandmeasuredcatabolisationofmaternalantigen-specificantibodiesinnestlingsduringearly development.Byutilizingmeasurementsofnon-specificandspecificantibodylevelsinnestlingplasmawewereableto calculate the half-life of maternal antibodies in nestling plasma and the time point at which nestling were capable of synthesizingantibodiesthemselves.Basedontheshorthalf-lifeofmaternalantibodies,therapidproductionofendogenous antibodiesbynestlingsandtherelativelylowtransferofmaternalantibodiestonestlings,ourfindingssuggestthataltricial- developingsparrowsachieveimmunologicindependencemuchearlierthanprecocialbirds. Conclusions/Significance:Toourknowledge,thisisthefirstindepthanalysesperformedontheadaptiveimmunesystem of