Autoantibodies to αS1-Casein Are Induced by Breast-Feeding 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Autoantibodies to αS1-Casein Are Induced by Breast-Feeding 英文参考文献.doc

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Autoantibodies to αS1-Casein Are Induced by Breast-Feeding 英文参考文献

AutoantibodiestoaS1-CaseinAreInducedbyBreast- Feeding KlaudiaPetermann3,StefanVordenba¨umen2,RuthMaas3¤,AchimBraukmann1,EllenBleck2, ThorstenSaenger1,MatthiasSchneider2,JoachimJose1* 1InstituteofPharmaceuticalandMedicinalChemistry,Westfa¨lische Wilhelms-Universita¨t Mu¨nster,Mu¨nster,Germany,2DepartmentofEndocrinology,Diabetologyand Rheumatology,Heinrich-Heine-UniversityDu¨sseldorf,Du¨sseldorf,Germany,3InstituteofPharmaceuticalandMedicinalChemistry,Heinrich-Heine-Universita¨t Du¨sseldorf, Du¨sseldorf,Germany Abstract Background: The generation of antibodies is impaired in newborns due to an immature immune system and reduced exposuretopathogensduetomaternallyderivedantibodiesandplacentalfunctions.Duringnursing,theimmunesystem of newborns is challenged with multiple milk-derived proteins. Amongst them, caseins are the main constituent. In particular, human aS1-casein (CSN1S1) was recently shown to possess immunomodulatory properties. We were thus interestedtodetermineifauto-antibodiestoCSN1S1areinducedbybreast-feedingandmaybesustainedintoadulthood. Methods:62seraofhealthyadultindividualswhowere(n=37)orwerenot(n=25)breast-fedagainsthumanCSN1S1were investigatedbyanewSD(surfacedisplay)-ELISA.Forcross-checking,theseseraweretestedforantiEpstein-Barrvirus(EBV) antibodiesbyacommercialELISA. Results:IgG-antibodieswerepredominantlydetectedinindividualswhohadbeennursed.Atacut-offvalueof0.4,theSD- ELISAidentifiedindividualswithahistoryofhavingbeenbreast-fedwithasensitivityof80%andaspecificityof92%.Under theseconditions,35outof37serafromhealthydonors,whowherebreast-fed,reactedpositivelybutonly5seraofthe25 donorswhowerenotbreast-fed.Thedurationofbreast-feedingwasofnoconsequencetotheantibodyreactionassome healthydonorswereonlyshorttermbreast-fed(5daysminimumuntil6weeksmaximum),butexhibitedsignificantserum reactionagainsthumanCSN1S1nonetheless. Conclusion:WepostulatethathumanCSN1S1isanautoantigen.Theantigenicityisorallydetermined,causedbybreast- feeding,andsustainedintoad