Atlantic Cod Piscidin and Its Diversification through Positive Selection 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Atlantic Cod Piscidin and Its Diversification through Positive Selection 英文参考文献.doc

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Atlantic Cod Piscidin and Its Diversification through Positive Selection 英文参考文献

AtlanticCodPiscidinandItsDiversificationthrough PositiveSelection JorgeM.O.Fernandes*,JareepornRuangsri,ViswanathKiron FacultyofBiosciencesandAquaculture,Bod?UniversityCollege,Bod?,Nordland,Norway Abstract Piscidins constitute a family of cationic antimicrobial peptides that are thought to play an important role in the innate immuneresponseofteleosts.Ontheonehandtheyshowaremarkablediversity,whichindicatesthattheyareshapedby positiveselection,butontheotherhandtheyareancientandhavespecifictargets,suggestingthattheyareconstrainedby purifyingselection.UntilnowpiscidinshadonlybeenfoundinfishspeciesfromthesuperorderAcanthopterygiibutwe haverecentlyidentifiedapiscidingeneinAtlanticcod(Gadusmorhua),thusshowingthattheseantimicrobialpeptidesare notrestrictedtoevolutionarilymodernteleosts.Nucleotidediversitywasmuchhigherintheregionsofthepiscidingene thatcodeforthematurepeptideanditsprodomainthaninthesignalpeptide.Maximumlikelihoodanalyseswithdifferent evolutionmodelsrevealedthatthepiscidingeneisunderpositiveselection.Chargeorhydrophobicity-changingaminoacid substitutionsobservedinpositivelyselectedsiteswithinthematurepeptideinfluenceitsamphipathicstructureandcan haveamarkedeffectonitsfunction.Thisdiversificationmightbeassociatedwithadaptationtonewhabitatsorrapidly evolvingpathogens. Citation:FernandesJMO,RuangsriJ,KironV(2010)AtlanticCodPiscidinandItsDiversificationthroughPositiveSelection.PLoSONE5(3):e9501.doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0009501 Editor:ArtF.Y.Poon,ProvidenceHealthCare,Canada ReceivedJanuary11,2010;AcceptedFebruary9,2010;PublishedMarch2,2010 Copyright: ?2010 Fernandes et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:ThisstudywaspartiallyfundedbyaresearchgranttoVKfromtheResearchCouncilofNorway(Ref.184703/S40).JRwassupportedbyaPhDfellowship fromthePrinceofSongklaUniversity(Thailand)