Beneficial Effects of Alternate Dietary Regimen on Liver Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Renal Activation 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Beneficial Effects of Alternate Dietary Regimen on Liver Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Renal Activation 英文参考文献.doc

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Beneficial Effects of Alternate Dietary Regimen on Liver Inflammation, Atherosclerosis and Renal Activation 英文参考文献

BeneficialEffectsofAlternateDietaryRegimenonLiver Inflammation,AtherosclerosisandRenalActivation PeterY.Wielinga1,3*,GopalaK.Yakala2,3,PeterHeeringa2,3,RobertKleemann1,3,TeakeKooistra1 1TNO-Metabolic Health Research, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2Medical Biology Section, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen,UniversityofGroningen,Groningen,TheNetherlands,3TopInstituteFoodandNutrition,Wageningen,TheNetherlands Abstract Background:Alternatedaycalorierestriction(CR)hasbeenshowntobealmostasbeneficialasdailyCR.Thequestionarises whetherthisconceptisalsoapplicabletoalternatingdietarycomposition. Objective: To seek evidence that alternating high cholesterol (HC) - cholesterol-free (CON) Western diet can effectively diminishhepaticandrenalinflammationandcardiovascularriskfactorsascomparedwithdailyHC-supplementedWestern diet. Design: Fourgroups ofApoE*3Leiden mice,ahumanizedmodelfor atherosclerosis,weresubjected todifferentfeeding treatmentsfor16weeks.MicewerefedCONdiet;CONdietwith1%w/wcholesterol(HC);alternate(ALT)dietregimenof CON(4days)andHC(3days);orCONdietsupplementedwith0.43%(w/w)cholesterol(MC),withoveralldietarycholesterol intakeequaltoALT.Plasmawasanalyzedforcardiovascularriskfactors,aortaforatheroscleroticlesionformation,andliver andkidneyforinflammation. Results:ALTdietbutnotMCwasalmostaseffectiveasdailyCONfeedinginpreventingdiseasedevelopment.Comparedto HC, the ALT group showed 62% lower hepatic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) activity (P,0.001), a reduction of the circulating inflammatory markers E-selectin (220%; P,0.05), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1; 215%; P,0.05) and Serum Amyloid A (SAA; 231%; P,0.05), smaller atherosclerotic lesion sizes (251%; 46497610791mm2 94664616470mm ; P,0.05) and diminished renal expression of specific inflammation and activation markers (VCAM-1, 227%;P,0.05;monocytechemotacticprotein-1(MCP-1);237%;P,0.01). vs. 2 Conclusion: Alternate HC-CON feeding reproduced most of the benefi