Bound Water at Protein-Protein Interfaces Partners, Roles and Hydrophobic Bubbles as a Conserved Motif 英文参考文献.docVIP

Bound Water at Protein-Protein Interfaces Partners, Roles and Hydrophobic Bubbles as a Conserved Motif 英文参考文献.doc

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Bound Water at Protein-Protein Interfaces Partners, Roles and Hydrophobic Bubbles as a Conserved Motif 英文参考文献

BoundWateratProtein-ProteinInterfaces:Partners, RolesandHydrophobicBubblesasaConservedMotif MostafaH.Ahmed1,3,FrancescaSpyrakis4,5,6,PietroCozzini4,6,ParijatK.Tripathi4,AndreaMozzarelli5,6, J.NeelScarsdale2,3,MartinA.Safo1,3,GlenE.Kellogg1,2,3 * 1DepartmentofMedicinalChemistry,VirginiaCommonwealthUniversity,Richmond,Virginia,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2CenterfortheStudyofBiologicalComplexity, VirginiaCommonwealthUniversity,Richmond,Virginia,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3InstituteforStructuralBiologyandDrugDiscovery,VirginiaCommonwealthUniversity, Richmond, Virginia,United StatesofAmerica, 4Department ofGeneral andInorganic Chemistry, University ofParma, Parma,Italy, 5Department ofBiochemistry and MolecularBiology,UniversityofParma,Parma,Italy,6InstituteofBiostructuresandBiosystems,Rome,Italy Abstract Background: There is a great interest in understanding and exploiting protein-protein associations as new routes for treatinghumandisease.However,theseassociationsaredifficulttostructurallycharacterizeormodelalthoughthenumber of X-ray structures for protein-protein complexes is expanding. One feature of these complexes that has received little attentionistheroleofwatermoleculesintheinterfacialregion. Methodology:Adatasetof4741watermoleculesabstractedfrom179high-resolution(#2.30A)? X-raycrystalstructuresof protein-proteincomplexeswasanalyzedwithasuiteofmodelingtoolsbasedontheHINTforcefieldandhydrogen-bonding geometry.AmetrictermedRelevancewasusedtoclassifythegeneralrolesofthewatermolecules. Results:Thewatermoleculeswerefoundtobeinvolvedin:a)(bridging)interactionswithbothproteins(21%),b)favorable interactions with only one protein (53%), and c) no interactions with either protein (26%). This trend is shown to be independent of the crystallographic resolution. Interactions with residue backbones are consistent for all classes and accountfor21.5%ofallinteractions.Interactionswithpolarresiduesaresignificantlymorecommonforthefirstgroupand interactionswithnon-polarresiduesdominat

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