Boule Is Present in Fish and Bisexually Expressed in Adult and Embryonic Germ Cells of Medaka 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Boule Is Present in Fish and Bisexually Expressed in Adult and Embryonic Germ Cells of Medaka 英文参考文献.doc

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Boule Is Present in Fish and Bisexually Expressed in Adult and Embryonic Germ Cells of Medaka 英文参考文献

BouleIsPresentinFishandBisexuallyExpressedinAdult andEmbryonicGermCellsofMedaka HongyanXu,ZhendongLi,MingyouLi,LiWang,YunhanHong* DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore,Singapore Abstract Background:TheDAZfamilygenesboule,dazanddazlencodeRNAbindingproteinsessentialforfertilityofdiverseanimals includinghuman.dazl hasbisexualexpressioninboth mitoticandmeioticgerm cells, whereas dazhas malepremeiotic expression,andbouleislargelyaunisexualmeioticregulator.Althoughboulehasbeenproposedastheancestorfordazl/ dazbygeneduplication,ithasbeenidentifiedonlyininvertebratesandmammals.Ithas,however,remainedunclearwhen andhowtheDAZfamilyhasevolvedinvertebrates. MethodologyandPrincipalFindings:ThisstudywasaimedatidentifyingandcharacterizingtheDAZfamilygenesinfish asthebasalvertebrate.Weshowthatbouleanddazlcoexistinmedakaandstickleback.Similartothemedakadazl(Odazl), themedakaboule(Obol)ismaternallysuppliedandsegregateswithprimordialgermcells.Surprisingly,Obolisexpressedin adultgermcellsatpre-meioticandmeioticstagesofspermatogenesisandoogenesis.However,themaximalmeioticObol expression in spermatocytes contrasts with the predominant pre-meiotic Odazl expression in spermatogonia, and the diffusecytoplasmicOboldistributioninearlyoocytescontrastswiththeOdazlconcentrationintheBalbinani’sbody. Conclusions:Theidentificationoffishbouleanddazlgenesprovidesdirectevidencefortheearlygeneduplicationduring vertebrate evolution. Our finding that Obol exhibits bisexual expression in both embryonic and adult germ cells considerablyextendsthediversityofbouleexpressionpatternsandoffersanewinsightintotheevolutionsofDAZfamily members,expressionpatternsandfunctionsinanimalfertility. Citation:XuH,LiZ,LiM,WangL,HongY(2009)BouleIsPresentinFishandBisexuallyExpressedinAdultandEmbryonicGermCellsofMedaka.PLoSONE4(6): e6097.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006097 Editor:LauraRusche,DukeUniversity,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedApril11,2009;AcceptedJune2,2009;PublishedJune30,2009 Copyri