Brain Networks for Integrative Rhythm Formation 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Brain Networks for Integrative Rhythm Formation 英文参考文献.doc

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Brain Networks for Integrative Rhythm Formation 英文参考文献

BrainNetworksforIntegrativeRhythmFormation MichaelH.Thaut1,2,MartinaDemartin3¤,JeromeN.Sanes4,5* 1CenterforBiomedicalResearchinMusic,ColoradoStateUniversity,FortCollins,Colorado,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2Molecular,Cellular,andIntegrativeNeuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America, 3Institute of Experimental Medicine, National Research Council, Rome, Italy, 4DepartmentofNeuroscience,AlpertMedicalSchoolofBrownUniversity,Providence,RhodeIsland,UnitedStatesofAmerica,5LaboratoryofFunctionalNeuroimaging, FoundationSantaLucia,IstitutodiRicoveroeCuraaCarattereScientifico(IRCCS),Rome,Italy Abstract Background: Performanceofexternallypacedrhythmicmovementsrequiresbrainandbehavioralintegrationofsensory stimuliwithmotorcommands.Theunderlyingbrainmechanismstoelaboratebeat-synchronizedrhythmandpolyrhythms that musicians readily perform may differ. Given known roles in perceiving time and repetitive movements, we hypothesizedthatbasalgangliaandcerebellarstructureswouldhavegreateractivationforpolyrhythmsthanforon-the- beatrhythms. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:UsingfunctionalMRImethods,weinvestigatedbrainnetworksforperformingrhythmic movementspacedbyauditorycues.Musicallytrainedparticipantsperformedrhythmicmovementsat2and3Hzeitherata 1:1 on-the-beat or with a 3:2 or a 2:3 stimulus-movement structure. Due to their prior musical experience, participants performed the 3:2 or 2:3 rhythmic movements automatically. Both the isorhythmic 1:1 and the polyrhythmic 3:2 or 2:3 movementsyieldedtheexpectedactivationincontralateralprimarymotorcortexandrelatedmotorareasandipsilateral cerebellum. Direct comparison of functional MRI signals obtained during 3:2 or 2:3 and on-the-beat rhythms indicated activation differences bilaterally in the supplementary motor area, ipsilaterally in the supramarginal gyrus and caudate- putamenandcontralaterallyinthecerebellum. Conclusions/Significance:Theactivatedbrainareassuggesttheexistenceofaninterconnectedbra