Developing ANDI A Novel Approach to Health Product RD in Africa 英文参考文献.docVIP

HealthinAction DevelopingANDI:ANovelApproachtoHealthProduct RDinAfrica SolomonNwaka1*,TshinkoB.Ilunga2,JorgeSantosDaSilva3,EmilianoRialVerde3,DoanHackley3, RaymondDeVre′3,TomMboya-Okeyo4,RobertG.Ridley1 1UNICEF/UNDP/WorldBank/WHOSpecialProgrammeforResearchandTraininginTropicalDiseases(TDR),WorldHealthOrganization, Geneva,Switzerland,2African DevelopmentBank,Tunis-Belvede`re,Tunisia,3McKinseyCompany,Geneva,Switzerland,4PermanentMissionoftheRepublicofKenyatotheUnitedNationsandOther InternationalOrganizations,Geneva,Switzerland ANeedforAfrican-LedHealth RDInnovation that, in addition to the scant research for several diseases, only 21% of total bio- medicalresearchpublicationsand31%of clinical trials in Africa are related to diseases that account for approximately DrugandDiagnosticsInnovation(ANDI) in contributing to the implementation of thesegoals. The health status of the African popu- lation remains behind that of populations in Europe andNorth America, as wellas many other developing regions with sim- ilar affluence (Figure S1). For example, Africa is especially affected by a series of infectiousdiseasesthatareresponsiblefor morethanhalfofitsdisability-adjustedlife years (DALYs) and over 6 million deaths per year (Figure S2). For the 18 diseases listed in Figure S2 Africa has over 30%, and in some cases over 90%, of the worldwidediseaseburden,eventhoughit representsonly15%oftheglobalpopula- tion. Currently, there are limited or no affordable therapies or vaccines for many of these conditions, and diagnostic meth- ods,wheretheyexist,areofteninadequate todeployinthefieldforlargepopulations HealthRDinAfrica:Variable CapacityandLackof Intra-AfricanCollaboration 50% of the African disease burden (Figure1). Oneoftheunderlyingemphasesofthe GSPOA was that a sustainable global solution requires greater efforts to build WemappedtheAfricanhealthresearch landscape by building a database of all peer-reviewedresearcharticlesinbiomed- ical fields that had at least