Different Levels of Food Restriction Reveal Genotype-Specific Differences in Learning a Visual Discrimination Task 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Different Levels of Food Restriction Reveal Genotype-Specific Differences in Learning a Visual Discrimination Task 英文参考文献.doc

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Different Levels of Food Restriction Reveal Genotype-Specific Differences in Learning a Visual Discrimination Task 英文参考文献

DifferentLevelsofFoodRestrictionRevealGenotype- SpecificDifferencesinLearningaVisualDiscrimination Task KalinaMakowiecki1,2,GeoffHammond2,JenniferRodger1* 1SchoolofAnimalBiology,TheUniversityofWesternAustralia,Crawley,WesternAustralia,Australia,2SchoolofPsychology,TheUniversityofWesternAustralia,Crawley, WesternAustralia,Australia Abstract In behavioural experiments, motivation to learn can be achieved using food rewards as positive reinforcement in food- restrictedanimals.Previousstudiesreduceanimalweightsto80–90%offree-feedingbodyweightasthecriterionforfood restriction. However, effects of different degrees of food restriction on task performance have not been assessed. We comparedlearningtaskperformanceinmicefood-restrictedto80or90%bodyweight(BW).Weusedadultwildtype(WT; C57Bl/6j)andknockout(ephrin-A22/2)mice,previouslyshowntohaveareverselearningdeficit.Miceweretrainedinatwo- choicevisualdiscriminationtaskwithfoodrewardaspositivereinforcement.Whenmicereachedcriterionforonevisual stimulus(80%correctinthreeconsecutive10trialsets)theybeganthereverselearningphase,wheretherewardedstimulus wasswitchedtothepreviouslyincorrectstimulus.Fortheinitiallearningandreversephaseofthetask,miceat90%BWtook almost twice as many trials to reach criterion as mice at 80%BW. Furthermore, WT 80 and 90%BW groups significantly differed in percentage correct responses and learning strategy in the reverse learning phase, whereas no differences betweenweightrestrictiongroupswereobservedinephrin-A22/2mice.Mostimportantly,genotype-specificdifferencesin reverselearningstrategywereonlydetectedinthe80%BWgroups.Ourresultsindicatethatincreasedfoodrestrictionnot only results in better performance and a shorter training period, but may also be necessary for revealing behavioural differencesbetweenexperimentalgroups.Thishasimportantethicalandanimalwelfareimplicationswhendecidingextent ofdietrestrictioninbehaviouralstudies. Citation: Makowiecki K, Hammond G, Rodger J (2012) Different Levels of Food Res