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Dissecting the WRKY Web of Plant Defense Regulators 英文参考文献
Opinions
DissectingtheWRKYWebofPlantDefense
Regulators
Thomas Eulgem
D
uringthepasttenyears,alargebodyof
circumstantialevidencehasaccumulated,
implicatingWRKYfactorsintranscriptional
inNPR1-dependentsignalingbrancheshasforthemostpart
remainedamystery.
IncontrasttoWRKYs,NPR1andTGAbasicleucinezipper
proteinsaremembersofsmallfamiliesofonlysixandten
membersinArabidopsis,respectively.Whilemutantanalyses
haveclearlyproventherolesofNPR1andseveralde?ned
TGAbasicleucinezipperproteinsinpathogendefense[31–
33],suchdirectgeneticevidenceisscarceforWRKYs.With
theexceptionofanatypicalfamilymember(AtWRKY52/
RRS1)[34],noWRKYshavebeenfoundtobeinvolvedin
plantimmuneresponsesbymutantscreensorotherforward
geneticsapproaches.Inmanycases,reversegenetics–based
strategiestorevealbiologicalrolesofindividualWRKYsusing
sequence-indexedArabidopsistransferredDNA(T-DNA)or
transposoninsertionmutantshavealsoprovedtobe
unsuccessfulinrevealingdefense-relatedphenotypes[2].
FunctionalredundancyamongstructurallyrelatedWRKY
familymembershasbeenpartiallyblamedforthese
experimentalshortcomings[7].Inaddition,invivorolesof
individualWRKYsmaybelimitedtode?nedbranchesor
nodesofthedefensenetwork.Hence,eliminationoftheir
functionbymutationmayresultinquitespeci?corsubtle
phenotypes.Therefore,amajorchallengeindissectingthe
WRKYwebappearstobeaccuratelypinpointingeach
WRKY’ssphereofactivitypriortomutantanalyses.This
wouldnarrowthechoiceofdefensephenotypestoexamine
andmayallowfortheselectionofappropriatecandidatesfor
doubleorhigher-ordermutantanalyses.
reprogrammingduringplantimmuneresponses[1–3].
Encodedbycomplexgenefamiliesinhigherplants[4],these
transcriptionfactorsshareaDNA-bindingdomain(WRKY
domain)comprisingapproximately60aminoacids[5].
AdditionalconservedfeaturesofWRKYsarelimitedto
separatesubgroupsofthisfamilyandincludeputative
leucinezippers,nuclearlocalizationsignals,calmodulin
bindingsites,andseveraldomainsofunknownfunction[5–7].
MultiplestudieshavedemonstratedtheabilityofWRKYsto
bindtopromotersofdefense
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