Do Laying Hens with Keel Bone Fractures Experience Pain 英文参考文献.docVIP

DoLayingHenswithKeelBoneFracturesExperience Pain? MohammedA.F.Nasr1,2,ChristineJ.Nicol1,JoannaC.Murrell1* 1School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, 2Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University,Sharkia,Egypt Abstract The European ban on battery cages has forced a change towards the use of non-cage or furnished cage systems, but unexpectedlythishasbeenassociatedwithanincreasedprevalenceofkeelbonefracturesinlayinghens.Bonefracturesare acutely painful in mammals, but the effect of fractures on bird welfare is unclear. We recently reported that keel bone fractureshaveaneffectonbirdmobility.Onepossibleexplanationforthisisthatflyingbecomesmechanicallyimpaired. Howeveritisalsopossiblethatifbirdshaveacapacitytofeelpain,thenongoingpainresultingfromthefracturecould contribute todecreased mobility. The aim was toprovide proof of concept that administration of appropriate analgesic drugs improves mobility in birds with keel fracture; thereby contributing to the debate about the capacity of birds to experience pain and whether fractures are associated with pain in laying hens. In hens with keel fractures, butorphanol decreasedthelatencytolandfromperchescomparedwithlatenciesrecordedforthesehensfollowingsaline(mean(SEM) landingtime(seconds)birdswithkeelfracturestreatedwithbutorphanolandsalinefromthe50,100and150cmperch heightsrespectively1.7(0.3),2.2(0.3),p=0.05,50cm;12.5(6.6),16.9(6.7),p=0.03,100cm;20.6(7.4),26.3(7.6),p=0.02 150cm). Mobility indices were largely unchanged in birds without keel fractures following butorphanol. Critically, butorphanol can be considered analgesic in our study because it improved the ability of birds to perform a complex behaviourthatrequiresbothmotivationandhighercognitiveprocessing.Thisisthefirststudytoprovideasolidevidential basethatbirdswithkeelfracturesexperiencepain,afindingthathassignificantimplicationsforthewelfareoflayinghens thatarehousedinnon-cageorfurnis