Do Uric Acid Deposits in Zooxanthellae Function as Eye-Spots 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Do Uric Acid Deposits in Zooxanthellae Function as Eye-Spots 英文参考文献.doc

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Do Uric Acid Deposits in Zooxanthellae Function as Eye-Spots 英文参考文献

DoUricAcidDepositsinZooxanthellaeFunctionasEye- Spots? HiroshiYamashita1,AtsushiKobiyama2,KazuhikoKoike1* 1GraduateSchoolofBiosphereScience,HiroshimaUniversity,Hiroshima,Japan,2SchoolofMarineBiosciences,KitasatoUniversity,Ofunato,Japan Abstract The symbiosis between zooxanthellae (dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium) and corals is a fundamental basis of tropical marineecosystems. Howeverthephysiological interactions ofthehosts andsymbionts arepoorlyunderstood. Recently, intracellularcrystallinedepositsinSymbiodiniumwererevealedtobeuricacidfunctioningfornutrientstorage.Thisisthe firstexplorationoftheseenigmaticcrystallinematerialsthathadpreviouslybeenmisidentifiedasoxalicacid,providingnew insightsintothenutritionalstrategiesofSymbiodiniuminoligotrophictropicalwaters.However,webelievethesedeposits also function as eye-spots on the basis of light and electron microscopic observations of motile cells of cultured Symbiodinium.Thecellspossessedcrystallinedepositclustersinrowswitheachrow100–150nmthickcorrespondingto1/ 4 the wavelength of light and making them suitable for maximum wave interference and reflection of light. Crystalline clustersincellsobservedwithalightmicroscopestronglyrefractedandpolarizedlight,andreflectedorabsorbedshort wavelengthlight.Thefactsthatpurines,includinguricacid,havebeenidentifiedasthemainconstituentsoflightreflectors inmanyorganisms,andthatthephotoreceptorprotein,opsin,wasdetectedinourSymbiodiniumstrain,supporttheidea thaturicaciddepositsinSymbiodiniummotilecellsmayfunctionasacomponentofaneye-spot. Citation: Yamashita H, Kobiyama A, Koike K (2009) Do Uric Acid Deposits in Zooxanthellae Function as Eye-Spots? PLoS ONE 4(7): e6303. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0006303 Editor:SteveVollmer,NortheasternUniversity,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedMarch18,2009;AcceptedJune16,2009;PublishedJuly17,2009 Copyright: ?2009 Yamashita et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrest