Early Emergence of Ethnic Differences in Type 2 Diabetes Precursors in the UK The Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE Study) 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Early Emergence of Ethnic Differences in Type 2 Diabetes Precursors in the UK The Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE Study) 英文参考文献.doc

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Early Emergence of Ethnic Differences in Type 2 Diabetes Precursors in the UK The Child Heart and Health Study in England (CHASE Study) 英文参考文献

EarlyEmergenceofEthnicDifferencesinType2Diabetes PrecursorsintheUK:TheChildHeartandHealthStudyin England(CHASEStudy) PeterH.Whincup1*,ClaireM.Nightingale1,ChristopherG.Owen1,AlicjaR.Rudnicka1,IanGibb2, CatherineM.McKay1,AngelaS.Donin1,NaveedSattar3,K.GeorgeM.M.Alberti4,DerekG.Cook1 1DivisionofCommunityHealthSciences,StGeorge’s,UniversityofLondon,London,UnitedKingdom,2DepartmentofClinicalBiochemistry,NewcastleHospitalsNHS Trust, Newcastle, United Kingdom, 3BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom, 4Division of Medicine, Imperial College,London,UnitedKingdom Abstract Background: Adults of South Asian origin living in the United Kingdom have high risks of type 2 diabetes and central obesity; raised circulating insulin, triglyceride, and C-reactive protein concentrations; and low HDL-cholesterol when compared with white Europeans. Adults of African-Caribbean origin living in the UK have smaller increases in type 2 diabetesrisk,raisedcirculatinginsulinandHDL-cholesterol,andlowtriglycerideandC-reactiveproteinconcentrations.We examinedwhethercorrespondingethnicdifferenceswereapparentinchildhood. MethodsandFindings:Weperformedacross-sectionalsurveyof4,796childrenaged9–10yinthreeUKcitieswhohad anthropometric measurements (68% response) and provided blood samples (58% response); ethnicity was based on parental definition. In age-adjusted comparisons with white Europeans (n=1,153), South Asian children (n=1,306) had higherglycatedhaemoglobin(HbA1c)(%difference:2.1,95%CI1.6to2.7),fastinginsulin(%difference30.0,95%CI23.4to 36.9),triglyceride(%difference12.9,95%CI9.4to16.5),andC-reactiveprotein(%difference43.3,95%CI28.6to59.7),and lowerHDL-cholesterol (%difference 22.9,95%CI 24.5to21.3). HigheradipositylevelsamongSouthAsians(basedon skinfolds and bioimpedance) did not account for these patterns. Black African-Caribbean children (n=1,215) had higher levelsofHbA1c,insulin,andC-reactiveproteinthanwhiteEuropeans,thoughtheethnicdif