Early Evolution of Conserved Regulatory Sequences Associated with Development in Vertebrates 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Early Evolution of Conserved Regulatory Sequences Associated with Development in Vertebrates 英文参考文献.doc

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Early Evolution of Conserved Regulatory Sequences Associated with Development in Vertebrates 英文参考文献

EarlyEvolutionofConservedRegulatorySequences AssociatedwithDevelopmentinVertebrates GayleK.McEwen,DebbieK.Goode¤a,HugoJ.Parker,AdamWoolfe¤b,HeatherCallaway,GregElgar* SchoolofBiologicalandChemicalSciences,QueenMaryUniversityofLondon,London,UnitedKingdom Abstract Comparisonsbetweendiversevertebrategenomeshaveuncoveredthousandsofhighlyconservednon-codingsequences, anincreasingnumberofwhichhavebeenshowntofunctionasenhancersduringearlydevelopment.Despitetheirextreme conservation over 500 million years from humans to cartilaginous fish, these elements appear to be largely absent in invertebrates,and,todate,therehasbeenlittleunderstandingoftheirmodeofactionortheevolutionaryprocessesthat havemodelledthem.Wehavenowexploitedemerginggenomicsequencedataforthesealamprey,Petromyzonmarinus, toexplorethedepthofconservationofthistypeofelementintheearliestdivergingextantvertebratelineage,thejawless fish (agnathans). We searched for conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) at 13 human gene loci and identified lamprey elementsassociatedwithallbuttwoofthesegeneregions.Althoughmarkedlyshorterandlesswellconservedthanwithin jawedvertebrates,identifiedlampreyCNEsareabletodrivespecificpatternsofexpressioninzebrafishembryos,whichare almost identical to those driven by the equivalent human elements. These CNEs are therefore a unique and defining characteristic of all vertebrates. Furthermore, alignment of lamprey and other vertebrate CNEs should permit the identificationofpersistentsequencesignaturesthatareresponsibleforcommonpatternsofexpressionandcontributeto theelucidationoftheregulatorylanguageinCNEs.Identifyingthecoreregulatorycodefordevelopment,commontoall vertebrates,providesafoundationuponwhichregulatorynetworkscanbeconstructedandmightalsoilluminatehowlarge conservedregulatorysequenceblocksevolveandbecomefixedingenomicDNA. Citation:McEwenGK,GoodeDK,ParkerHJ,WoolfeA,CallawayH,etal.(2009)EarlyEvolutionofConservedRegulatorySequencesAssociatedwithDevelopment inVertebrates.PLoSGenet5(12):e10