Ecologic Niche Modeling of Blastomyces dermatitidis in Wisconsin 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Ecologic Niche Modeling of Blastomyces dermatitidis in Wisconsin 英文参考文献.doc

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Ecologic Niche Modeling of Blastomyces dermatitidis in Wisconsin 英文参考文献

EcologicNicheModelingofBlastomycesdermatitidisin Wisconsin KurtD.Reed1¤*,JenniferK.Meece1,JohnR.Archer2,A.TownsendPeterson3 1MarshfieldClinicResearchFoundation,Marshfield,Wisconsin,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2WisconsinDepartmentofHealthandFamilyServices,Madison,Wisconsin, UnitedStatesofAmerica,3NaturalHistoryMuseumandBiodiversityResearchCenter,UniversityofKansas,Lawrence,Kansas,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: Blastomycosis is a potentially fatal mycosis that is acquired by inhaling infectious spores of Blastomyces dermatitidis present in the environment. The ecology of this pathogen is poorly understood, in part because it has been extremelydifficulttoidentifytheniche(s)itoccupiesbasedoncultureisolationoftheorganismfromenvironmentalsamples. Methodology/Principal Findings: We investigated the ecology of blastomycosis by performing maximum entropy modelingofexposuresitesfrom156casesofhumanandcanineblastomycosistoprovidearegional-scaleperspectiveof the geographic and ecologic distribution of B. dermatitidis in Wisconsin. Based on analysis with climatic, topographic, surfacereflectanceandotherenvironmentalvariables,wepredictedthatecologicconditionsfavorableformaintainingthe fungusinnatureoccurpredominantlywithinnortherncountiesandcountiesalongthewesternshorelineofLakeMichigan. Areasofhighestpredictedoccurrencewereofteninproximitytowaterways,especiallyinnorthcentralWisconsin,where incidenceofinfectionishighest.EcologicconditionssuitableforB.dermatitidisarepresentinurbanandruralenvironments, andmaydifferattheextremesofdistributionofthespeciesinthestate. Conclusions/Significance:Ourresultsprovideaframeworkforamoreinformedsearchforspecificenvironmentalfactors modulatingB.dermatitidisoccurrenceandtransmissionandwillbeusefulforimprovingpublichealthawarenessofrelative exposurerisks. Citation:ReedKD,MeeceJK,ArcherJR,PetersonAT(2008)EcologicNicheModelingofBlastomycesdermatitidisinWisconsin.PLoSONE3(4):e2034.doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0002034 Editor:DeeA.Carter,University