Economical Value of Vaccines for the Developing Countries—The Case of Instituto Butantan, a Public Institution in Brazil 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Economical Value of Vaccines for the Developing Countries—The Case of Instituto Butantan, a Public Institution in Brazil 英文参考文献.doc

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Economical Value of Vaccines for the Developing Countries—The Case of Instituto Butantan, a Public Institution in Brazil 英文参考文献

PolicyPlatform EconomicalValueofVaccinesfortheDeveloping Countries—TheCaseofInstitutoButantan,aPublic InstitutioninBrazil PauloLeeHo1,2,ElianeNamieMiyaji1,MariaLeonorSarnoOliveira1,WaldelydeOliveiraDias1 ,Flavia SaldanhaKubrusly1,MarthaMassakoTanizaki1,ElizabethAnge′licaLemeMartins1,IsaiasRaw1,2* 1InstitutoButantan,Sa?o Paulo,SP,Brazil,2Fundac?a?o Butantan,Sa?o Paulo,SP,Brazil Introduction these institutions maintained scientific about25,000healthcarecenters,fulfilling afundamentalroleoftheSUS. research programs but had limited capa- bility for meeting good manufacturing practices (GMPs) in vaccine production. The implementationofthe MHpolicy of local procurement required substantial investments to upgrade the production capabilitiesoftheseinstitutes. A recent review has discussed the economic value of vaccine for developed countries. The situation is quite different in developing countries, and we examine the situation in Brazil. Vaccines are of fundamentalimportanceforthecontrolof infectious diseases, especially among the population that lives in poor sanitary conditions. Also, vaccines can generate herd effects that result in protection even amongthosewhohavenotbeenvaccinat- ed, which can be of particular value to poor individuals who are not reached by health services. In appreciation of this importance, various international agen- cies, including the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and UNICEF, un- dertake large-scale procurement of vac- cines for supply to developing countries. This scale of procurement has allowed theseagenciestoobtainverylowprices.In Brazil, theConstitutionincludes theright to health care, which has led the govern- ment to formulate a goal of universal vaccinationfreeofcharge,acost-effective measure against many important infec- tious diseases. Universal vaccination is a fundamentalroleofthefederal,state,and municipal governments through the cur- rent unified public health care system (SistemaUnico′ deSa′ude [SUS]). The