Editors, Publishers, Impact Factors, and Reprint Income 英文参考文献.docVIP

Perspective Editors,Publishers,ImpactFactors,andReprintIncome HarveyMarcovitch* ClinicalRisk,RSMPressLtd.,London,UnitedKingdom EditorsunderPressure— AvoidingConflicts citedmorefrequentlythanclinicalstudies with less-rigorous design, regardless of funding, and high-impact journals are likely to attract the former [4]. There is ‘‘gamesmanship,’’ with commercial spon- sors and publishing companies skilled at obtaining publicity in the mass media, a known stimulant for citations [5,6]. Only slightlydubiousisthehabitofcommercial companies disseminating papers favour- able to their product to individual clini- cians at conferences or through sponsor- ed method was to seek data on income from advertisements, reprints, and indus- try-supportedsupplementsasapercentage of total income. The editors of the two UK-based journals, BMJ and The Lancet, provided the data. The editors of JAMA and The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) declined, as did the publisher of Annals of Internal Medicine. The owners of Editors would like to imagine they are simply gatekeepers who facilitate the interaction between authors who wish to impart information andpeople whowant toreadit.Infact,theyaresubjecttoaraft of external pressures that interfere with this core task. Coauthors are prone to disputeswitheachotherandwithreview- ers; rejected authors may protest; readers may be dissatisfied; institutions may react inadequately to editors’ concerns about probity; editorial freedom may be com- promised by the demands of the learned society that owns the journal; and a commercial publisher might exert sub- the latter confirmed the proxy data obtained from the US Internal Revenue Service but the publishers of the former twojournals,theAmericanMedicalAsso- ciation and the Massachusetts Medical Society,didnotrespond. ship of review papers—themselves a potent accelerator of IF [7]. More culpa- bleisthefactthatstudiesshowingpositive outcomes for a drug or device under consideration are more