Educating a New Generation of Doctors to Improve the Health of Populations in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Educating a New Generation of Doctors to Improve the Health of Populations in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 英文参考文献.doc

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Educating a New Generation of Doctors to Improve the Health of Populations in Low- and Middle-Income Countries 英文参考文献

PolicyForum EducatingaNewGenerationofDoctorstoImprovethe HealthofPopulationsinLow-andMiddle-Income Countries FrancescaCelletti1*,TeriA.Reynolds2,AnnaWright3,AaronStoertz4,ManuelDayrit1 1DepartmentofHumanResourcesforHealth,WorldHealthOrganization,Geneva,Switzerland,2DepartmentofHumanResourcesforHealth,WorldHealthOrganization, Geneva,Switzerland,andDepartmentofEmergencyMedicineandDivisionofGlobalHealth,UniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco,SanFrancisco,California,UnitedStates ofAmerica,3IndependentContributor,London,UnitedKingdom,4DukeGlobalHealthInstitute,DukeUniversity,Durham,NorthCarolina,UnitedStatesofAmerica ATransformativeApproachto IncreasingNumbersand MatchingMedicalEducationto PopulationHealthNeeds medicaleducationmustincreasenotonly the quantity, but also the quality and the relevanceoftheprovidersofthefuture.A transformative approach to medical edu- cationisneeded—onethatisdefinedbya commitment to social responsibility and insists on inter-sectoral engagement to determine how students are recruited, educated,anddeployedasdoctors. canunderminetheoveralltechnicalexcel- lenceofgraduates.Thereisevidencethat beliesthis,asgraduatesofsomeinstitutions committed to social accountability have beenshowntosecurecompetitivespecialty trainingplacementsanddemonstratehigh- level academic and clinical performance [8–10].Transformativescale-upofmedical educationshouldnotexcludeinvestmentin centresofglobalexcellenceandworldclass research. Indeed, the need for specialist careislikelytoincreasewiththeimproved provision of primary level care. This transformative approach simply assigns greatervaluetotheimpactonpopulation health outcomes among the criteria for measuringexcellence. The need to increase the number of doctors in low- and middle-income coun- tries has been recognised as a critical health workforce issue [1,2]. While sub- Saharan Africa has 24% of the global disease burden, it has only 3% of the world’shealthworkers[1].Whileincreas- esinmanycadresofproviders—includ