EEG Responses to TMS Are Sensitive to Changes in the Perturbation Parameters and Repeatable over Time 英文参考文献.docVIP

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EEG Responses to TMS Are Sensitive to Changes in the Perturbation Parameters and Repeatable over Time 英文参考文献.doc

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EEG Responses to TMS Are Sensitive to Changes in the Perturbation Parameters and Repeatable over Time 英文参考文献

EEGResponsestoTMSAreSensitivetoChangesinthe PerturbationParametersandRepeatableoverTime SilviaCasarotto,LeonorJ.RomeroLauro,ValentinaBellina,AdenauerG.Casali,MarioRosanova, AndreaPigorini,StefanoDefendi,MaurizioMariotti,MarcelloMassimini* DepartmentofClinicalSciences‘‘L.Sacco’’,Universita` degliStudidiMilano,Milan,Italy Abstract Background: High-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) combined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) providesadirectandnon-invasivemeasureofcorticalexcitabilityandconnectivityinhumansandmaybeemployedto trackovertimepathologicalalterations,plasticchangesandtherapy-inducedmodificationsincorticalcircuits.However,the diagnostic/monitoringapplicationsofthistechniquewouldbelimitedtotheextentthatTMS-evokedpotentialsareeither stereotypical (non-sensitive)orrandom(non-repeatable) responses.Here, weused controlled changesinthestimulation parameters (site, intensity, and angle of stimulation) and repeated longitudinal measurements (same day and one week apart)toevaluatethesensitivityandrepeatabilityofTMS/hd-EEGpotentials. Methodology/Principal Findings: In 10 volunteers, we performed 92 single-subject comparisons to evaluate the similarities/differencesbetweenpairsofTMS-evokedpotentialsrecordedinthesame/differentstimulationconditions.For eachpairwisecomparison, weused non-parametric statistics tocalculateaDivergence Index (DI),i.e.,thepercentage of samplesthatdifferedsignificantly,consideringallscalplocationsandtheentirepost-stimulusperiod.Areceiveroperating characteristicanalysisshowedthatitwaspossibletofindanoptimalDIthresholdof1.67%,yielding96.7%overallaccuracy ofTMS/hd-EEGindetectingwhetherachangeintheperturbationparametersoccurredornot. Conclusions/Significance: These results demonstrate that the EEG responses to TMS essentially reflect deterministic properties of the stimulated neuronal circuits as opposed to stereotypical responses or uncontrolled variability. To the extent that TMS-evoked potentials are sensitive to changes