Early Warning of Cotton Bollworm Resistance Associated with Intensive Planting of Bt Cotton in China 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Early Warning of Cotton Bollworm Resistance Associated with Intensive Planting of Bt Cotton in China 英文参考文献.doc

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Early Warning of Cotton Bollworm Resistance Associated with Intensive Planting of Bt Cotton in China 英文参考文献

EarlyWarningofCottonBollwormResistanceAssociated withIntensivePlantingofBtCottoninChina HaonanZhang1,2,WeiYin1,2,JingZhao1,2,LinJin1,2,YihuaYang1,2,ShuwenWu1,2,BruceE.Tabashnik3, YidongWu1,2 * 1CollegeofPlantProtection,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing,China,2KeyLaboratoryofIntegratedManagementofCropDiseasesandPests(NanjingAgricultural University),MinistryofEducation,Nanjing,China,3DepartmentofEntomology,UniversityofArizona,Tucson,Arizona,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract TransgeniccropsproducingBacillusthuringiensis(Bt)toxinskillsomekeyinsectpests,butevolutionofresistancebypests canreducetheirefficacy.ThepredominantstrategyfordelayingpestresistancetoBtcropsrequiresrefugesofnon-Bthost plantstopromotesurvivalofsusceptiblepests.TodelaypestresistancetotransgeniccottonproducingBttoxinCry1Ac, farmersintheUnitedStatesandAustraliaplantedrefugesofnon-Btcotton,whilefarmersinChinahavereliedon‘‘natural’’ refugesofnon-Bthostplantsotherthancotton.Herewereportdatafroma2010surveyshowingfield-evolvedresistanceto Cry1Ac of the major target pest, cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), in northern China. Laboratory bioassay results showthatsusceptibilitytoCry1Acwassignificantlylowerin13fieldpopulationsfromnorthernChina,whereBtcottonhas beenplantedintensively,thanintwopopulationsfromsitesinnorthwesternChinawhereexposuretoBtcottonhasbeen limited. Susceptibility to Bt toxin Cry2Ab did not differ between northern and northwestern China, demonstrating that resistancetoCry1Acdidnotcausecross-resistancetoCry2Ab,andimplyingthatresistancetoCry1AcinnorthernChinaisa specificadaptationcausedbyexposuretothistoxininBtcotton.Despitetheresistancedetectedinlaboratorybioassays, control failures of Bt cotton have not been reported in China. This early warning may spur proactive countermeasures, includingaswitchtotransgeniccottonproducingtwoormoretoxinsdistinctfromCry1Atoxins. Citation:ZhangH,YinW,ZhaoJ,JinL,YangY,etal.(2011)EarlyWarningofCottonBollwormResistanceAssociatedwithIntensivePlantingofBtCot