Effects of Aversive Stimuli on Prospective Memory. An Event-Related fMRI Study 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Effects of Aversive Stimuli on Prospective Memory. An Event-Related fMRI Study 英文参考文献.doc

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Effects of Aversive Stimuli on Prospective Memory. An Event-Related fMRI Study 英文参考文献

EffectsofAversiveStimulionProspectiveMemory.An Event-RelatedfMRIStudy MassimilianoRea1*,StephanieKullmann1,RalfVeit1,AntoninoCasile2,3,ChristophBraun1,4 ,Marta OlivettiBelardinelli5,NielsBirbaumer1,6,AndreaCaria1 1Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tu¨bingen, Tu¨bingen, Germany, 2Department of Neurobiology, Italian Institute of TechnologyandHarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3CenterforNeuroscienceandCognitiveSystems@UniTn,IstitutoItalianodi Tecnologia, University of Trento, Trento, Italy, 4Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CiMEC), University of Trento, Trento, Italy, 5Department of Psychology 1, ‘‘Sapienza’’ UniversityofRome,Rome,Italy,6IstitutodiRicoveroeCuraaCarattereScientifico,OspedaleSanCamillo,Venezia–Lido,Italy Abstract Prospective memory (PM) describes the ability to execute a previously planned action at the appropriate point in time. Althoughbehavioralstudiesclearlyshowedthatprospectivememoryperformanceisaffectedbytheemotionalsignificance attributedtotheintendedaction,nostudysofarinvestigatedthebrainmechanismssubservingthemodulatoryeffectof emotional salience on PM performance. The general aim of the present study was to explore brain regions involved in prospective memory processes when PM cues are associated with emotional stimuli. In particular, based on the hypothesisedcriticalroleoftheprefrontalcortexinprospectivememoryinthepresenceofemotionallysalientstimuli,we expectedastrongerinvolvementofaPFCwhentheretrievalandexecutionoftheintendedactioniscuedbyanaversive stimulus.TothisaimBOLDresponsesofPMtrialscuedbyaversivefacialexpressionswerecomparedtoPMtrialscuedby neutralfacialexpressions.WholebrainanalysisshowedthatPMtaskcuedbyaversivestimuliisdifferentiallyassociatedwith activityintherightlateralprefrontalarea(BA10)andintheleftcaudatenucleus.Moreoveratemporalshiftbetweenthe responseofthecaudatenucleusthatprecededthatofaPFCwasobserved.Thesefindingssuggestthatthecaudatenucleus mightprovid