Eukaryotic Richness in the Abyss Insights from Pyrotag Sequencing 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Eukaryotic Richness in the Abyss Insights from Pyrotag Sequencing 英文参考文献.doc

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Eukaryotic Richness in the Abyss Insights from Pyrotag Sequencing 英文参考文献

EukaryoticRichnessintheAbyss:InsightsfromPyrotag Sequencing JanPawlowski1*,RichardChristen2,Be′atriceLecroq3,DipankarBachar2,HamidRezaShahbazkia4 ,Linda Amaral-Zettler5,LaureGuillou6 1Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 2Laboratoire de Biologie Virtuelle, Universite′ de Nice, UMR 6543, Nice, France, 3Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan, 4Departamento de Engenharia Electronica e Informatica, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal,5MarineBiologicalLaboratory,TheJosephineBayPaulCenterforComparativeMolecularBiologyandEvolution,WoodsHole,Massachusetts,UnitedStatesof America,6StationBiologiquedeRoscoff,UMR7144,Roscoff,France Abstract Background:ThedeepseafloorisconsideredoneofthemostdiverseecosystemsonEarth.RecentenvironmentalDNA surveysbasedonclonelibrariesofrRNAgenesconfirmthisobservationandrevealahighdiversityofeukaryotespresentin deep-seasedimentsamples.However,environmentalclone-librarysurveysyieldonlyamodestnumberofsequenceswith whichtoevaluatethediversityofabyssaleukaryotes. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Here,weexaminedtherichnessofeukaryoticDNAindeepArcticandSouthernOcean samples using massively parallel sequencing of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) V9 hypervariable region. In very small volumesofsediments,rangingfrom0.35to0.7g,werecoveredupto7,499uniquesequencespersample.Byclustering sequences having up to 3 differences, we observed from 942 to 1756 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) per sample. TaxonomicanalysesoftheseOTUsshowedthatDNAofallmajorgroupsofeukaryotesisrepresentedatthedeep-seafloor. The dinoflagellates, cercozoans, ciliates, and euglenozoans predominate, contributing to 17%, 16%, 10%, and 8% of all assignedOTUs,respectively.Interestingly,manysequencesrepresentphotosynthetictaxaoraresimilartothosereported fromtheenvironmentalsurveysofsurfacewaters.Moreover,eachsamplecontainedfrom31to71differentmetazoanOTUs despitethesmallsamplevolumecollected.Thisindicatesthatasignificantfa