Eurasian Tree Sparrows, Risk for H5N1 Virus Spread and Human Contamination through Buddhist Ritual An Experimental Approach 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Eurasian Tree Sparrows, Risk for H5N1 Virus Spread and Human Contamination through Buddhist Ritual An Experimental Approach 英文参考文献.doc

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Eurasian Tree Sparrows, Risk for H5N1 Virus Spread and Human Contamination through Buddhist Ritual An Experimental Approach 英文参考文献

EurasianTreeSparrows,RiskforH5N1VirusSpreadand HumanContaminationthroughBuddhistRitual:An ExperimentalApproach RamonaAlikiiteagaGutie′rrez1,SanSorn2,JohnM.Nicholls3,PhilippeBuchy1* 1Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 2National Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Phnom Penh, Cambodia,3DepartmentofPathology,UniversityofHongKong,PokFuLam,HongKong,People’sRepublicofChina Abstract Background: TheHighlyPathogenicAvianInfluenzaH5N1virushasdramaticallyspreadthroughoutSoutheastAsiasince itsfirstdetectionin1997.MeritReleaseBirds,suchastheEurasianTreeSparrow,arebelievedtoincreaseone’spositive karmawhenkissedandreleasedduringBuddhistrituals.Sincethesebirdsareofteninclosecontactwithbothpoultryand humans,weinvestigatedtheirpotentialroleinthespreadofH5N1virus. Methodology/Principal Findings: Seven series of experiments were conducted in order to investigate the possible interactionsbetweeninoculatedandexposedbirds,includingsparrow/sparrow,sparrow/chicken,duck/sparrow.Dailyand post-mortem samples collected were tested for H5N1 virus by real-time RT-PCR and egg inoculation. When directly inoculated,EurasianTreeSparrowswerehighlysusceptibletotheH5N1virus,withafatalityrateapproaching100%within5 days post-inoculation. Although transmission of fatal infection between sparrows did not occur, seroconversion of the exposedbirdswasobserved.Upto100%chickensexposedtoinoculatedsparrowsdiedofH5N1infection,dependingon thecagingconditionsofthebirds,whileafatalityrateof50%wasobservedonsparrowsexposedtoinfectedducks.Large quantitiesofH5N1virusweredetectedinthesparrows,particularlyintheirfeathers,fromwhichinfectiousparticleswere recovered. Conclusions/Significance:Ourstudyindicatesthatunderexperimentalconditions,EurasianTreeSparrowsaresusceptible toH5N1infection,eitherbydirectinoculationorbycontactwithinfectedpoultry.TheirabilitytotransmitH5N1infectionto otherbirdsisalsodemonstrated,suggestingthatthesparrowsmayplayaroleinthedissemin