Evidence of Weak Habitat Specialisation in Microscopic Animals 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence of Weak Habitat Specialisation in Microscopic Animals 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence of Weak Habitat Specialisation in Microscopic Animals 英文参考文献

EvidenceofWeakHabitatSpecialisationinMicroscopic Animals DiegoFontaneto1,2*,MartinWestberg3,Joaqu?′nHortal4,5 1Silwood Park Campus, Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot Berkshire, United Kingdom, 2Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of NaturalHistory,Stockholm,Sweden,3DepartmentofCryptogamicBotany,SwedishMuseumofNaturalHistory,Stockholm,Sweden,4DepartamentodeBiodiversidady Biolog?′aEvolutiva,MuseoNacionaldeCienciasNaturales,Madrid,Spain,5DepartamentodeEcologia,InstitutodeCie?nciasBiolo′gicas,UniversidadeFederaldeGoia′s, Goia?nia, Brazil Abstract Macroecologyandbiogeographyofmicroscopicorganisms(anylivingorganismsmallerthan2mm)arequicklydeveloping intofruitfulresearchareas.Microscopicorganismsalsoofferthepotentialfortestingpredictionsandmodelsderivedfrom observations on larger organisms due to the feasibility of performing lab and mesocosm experiments. However, more empiricalknowledgeonthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenmicro-andmacro-organismsisneededtoascertainhow muchoftheresultsobtainedfromtheformercanbegeneralisedtothelatter.Onepotentialmisconception,basedmostly onanedoctalevidenceratherthanexplicittests,isthatmicroscopicorganismsmayhavewiderecologicaltoleranceanda lowerdegreeofhabitatspecialisationthanlargeorganisms.Hereweexplicitlytestthishypothesiswithintheframeworkof metacommunitytheory,bystudyinghostspecificifyintheassemblagesofbdelloidrotifers(animalsabout350 mminbody length)livingindifferentspeciesoflichensinSweden.Usingseveralregression-basedandANOVAanalysesandcontrolling forbothspatialstructureandthekindofsubstratethelichengrowover(barkvsrock),wefoundevidenceofsignificantbut weakspecies-specificassociationsbetweenbdelloidsandlichens,awideoverlapinspeciescompositionbetweenlichens, andwideecologicaltoleranceformostbdelloidspecies.Thisconfirmsthatmicroscopicorganismssuchasbdelloidshavea lower degree of habitat specialisation than larger organisms, although this happens in a complex scenario of ecological processes, wh