Evaluation of Mammalian and Intermediate Host Surveillance Methods for Detecting Schistosomiasis Reemergence in Southwest China 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evaluation of Mammalian and Intermediate Host Surveillance Methods for Detecting Schistosomiasis Reemergence in Southwest China 英文参考文献.doc

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Evaluation of Mammalian and Intermediate Host Surveillance Methods for Detecting Schistosomiasis Reemergence in Southwest China 英文参考文献

EvaluationofMammalianandIntermediateHost SurveillanceMethodsforDetectingSchistosomiasis ReemergenceinSouthwestChina ElizabethJ.Carlton1*,MichaelN.Bates2,BoZhong3,EdmundY.W.Seto1,RobertC.Spear1 1DivisionofEnvironmentalHealthSciences,SchoolofPublicHealth,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DivisionofEpidemiology, SchoolofPublicHealth,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3InstituteofParasiticDiseases,SichuanCenterforDiseaseControland Prevention,Chengdu,China Abstract Background:SchistosomiasishasreemergedinChina,threateningschistosomiasiseliminationefforts.Surveillancemethods thatcanidentifylocationswhereschistosomiasishasreemergedareneededtopreventthefurtherspreadofinfections. Methods and Principal Findings: We tested humans, cows, water buffalo and the intermediate host snail, Oncomelania hupensis,forSchistosomajaponicuminfection,assessedsnaildensitiesandextractedregionalsurveillancerecordsinareaswhere schistosomiasisreemergedinSichuanprovince.Wethenevaluatedtheabilityofsurveillancemethodstoidentifyvillageswhere humaninfectionswerepresent.Humaninfectionsweredetectedin35ofthe53villagessurveyed(infectionprevalence:0to 43%),including17of28villageswithnopriorevidenceofreemergence.Bovineinfectionsweredetectedin23villages(infection prevalence:0to65%)andsnailinfectionsinonevillage.Twocommonsurveillancemethods,acuteschistosomiasiscasereports andsurveysforS.japonicum-infectedsnails,grosslyunderestimatedthenumberofvillageswherehumaninfectionswerepresent (sensitivity1%and3%,respectively).ScreeningbovinesforS.japonicumandsurveysforthepresenceofO.hupensishadmodest sensitivity(59%and69%respectively)andspecificity(67%and44%,respectively).Olderadultsandbovineownerswereat elevatedriskofinfection.Testingonlythesehigh-riskhumanpopulationsyieldedsensitivitiesof77%and71%,respectively. Conclusions: Human and bovine schistosomiasis were widespread in regions where schistosomiasis had reemerged but acute schistosomiasis and S. jap