Estimating the Worldwide Extent of Illegal Fishing 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Estimating the Worldwide Extent of Illegal Fishing 英文参考文献.doc

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Estimating the Worldwide Extent of Illegal Fishing 英文参考文献

EstimatingtheWorldwideExtentofIllegalFishing DavidJ.Agnew1*,JohnPearce2,GanapathirajuPramod3,TomPeatman2,RegWatson3,JohnR. Beddington1,4,TonyJ.Pitcher3 1Division of Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, 2MRAG Ltd, London, United Kingdom, 3Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,BritishColumbia,Canada,4UnitedKingdomGovernmentOfficeforScience,London,UnitedKingdom Abstract Illegal and unreported fishing contributes to overexploitation of fish stocks and is a hindrance to the recovery of fish populations and ecosystems. This study is the first to undertake a world-wide analysis of illegal and unreported fishing. Reviewingthesituationin54countriesandonthehighseas,weestimatethatlowerandupperestimatesofthetotalvalue of current illegal and unreported fishing losses worldwide are between $10bn and $23.5bn annually, representing between11and26milliontonnes.Ourdataareofsufficientresolutiontodetectregionaldifferencesinthelevelandtrend ofillegalfishingoverthelast20years,andwecanreportasignificantcorrelationbetweengovernanceandthelevelof illegalfishing.Developingcountriesaremostatriskfromillegalfishing,withtotalestimatedcatchesinWestAfricabeing 40% higher than reported catches. Such levels of exploitation severely hamper the sustainable management of marine ecosystems. Although there have been some successes in reducing the level of illegal fishing in some areas, these developmentsarerelativelyrecentandfollowgrowinginternationalfocusontheproblem.Thispaperprovidesthebaseline againstwhichsuccessfulactiontocurbillegalfishingcanbejudged. Citation:AgnewDJ,PearceJ,PramodG,PeatmanT,WatsonR,etal.(2009)EstimatingtheWorldwideExtentofIllegalFishing.PLoSONE4(2):e4570.doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0004570 Editor:StuartA.Sandin,UniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedDecember4,2008;AcceptedJanuary15,2009;PublishedFebruary25,2009 Copyright: ? 2009 Agnew et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Co