Evidence to Suggest That Teeth Act as Human Ornament Displays Signalling Mate Quality 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence to Suggest That Teeth Act as Human Ornament Displays Signalling Mate Quality 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence to Suggest That Teeth Act as Human Ornament Displays Signalling Mate Quality 英文参考文献

EvidencetoSuggestThatTeethActasHumanOrnament DisplaysSignallingMateQuality ColinA.Hendrie1*,GayleBrewer2 1TheUniversityofLeedsInstituteofPsychologicalSciences,Leeds,UnitedKingdom,2SchoolofPsychology,UniversityofCentralLancashire,Preston,Lancashire,United Kingdom Abstract Ornamentdisplaysseeninanimalsconveyinformationaboutgeneticquality,developmentalhistoryandcurrentdisease state to both prospective sexual partners and potential rivals. In this context, showing of teeth through smiles etc is acharacteristicfeatureofhumansocialinteraction.Toothdevelopmentisinfluencedbygeneticandenvironmentalfactors. Adultteethrecordenvironmentalandtraumaticevents,aswellastheeffectsofdiseaseandageing.Teetharetherefore arichsourceofinformationaboutindividualsandtheirhistories.Thisstudyexaminedtheeffectsofdigitalmanipulationsof tooth colour and spacing. Results showed that deviation away from normal spacing and/or the presence of yellowed colouration had negative effects on ratings of attractiveness and that these effects were markedly stronger in female models.Whiteninghadnoeffectbeyondthatproduced bynaturalcolouration.Thisindicatesthatthesecolourinduced alterationsinratingsofattractivenessaremediatedbyincreased/decreasedyellowingratherthanwhiteningperse.Teeth becomeyelloweranddarkerwithage.Thereforeitissuggestedthatwhilsttheteethofbothsexesactashumanornament displays,thefemaledisplayismorecomplexbecauseitadditionallysignalsresidualreproductivevalue. Citation: Hendrie CA, Brewer G (2012) Evidence to Suggest That Teeth Act as Human Ornament Displays Signalling Mate Quality. PLoS ONE 7(7): e42178. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042178 Editor:AlistairRobertEvans,MonashUniversity,Australia ReceivedJanuary27,2012;AcceptedJuly3,2012;PublishedJuly31,2012 Copyright: ?2012Hendrie,Brewer. This isanopen-access article distributedunder the terms ofthe Creative Commons AttributionLicense, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecre