Evolution of Stress Response in the Face of Unreliable Environmental Signals 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evolution of Stress Response in the Face of Unreliable Environmental Signals 英文参考文献.doc

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Evolution of Stress Response in the Face of Unreliable Environmental Signals 英文参考文献

EvolutionofStressResponseintheFaceofUnreliable EnvironmentalSignals MarkusArnoldini1.*,RafalMostowy2.¤,SebastianBonhoeffer2,MartinAckermann1* 1Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, and Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag,Switzerland,2InstituteforIntegrativeBiology,ETHZurich,Switzerland Abstract Mostorganismsliveinever-changingenvironments,andhavetocopewitharangeofdifferentconditions.Often,thesetof biologicaltraitsthatareneededtogrow,reproduce,andsurvivevariesbetweenconditions.Asaconsequence,organisms haveevolvedsensorysystemstodetectenvironmentalsignals,andtomodifytheexpressionofbiologicaltraitsinresponse. However, there are limits to the ability of such plastic responses to cope with changing environments. Sometimes, environmentalshiftsmightoccursuddenly,andwithoutprecedingsignals,sothatorganismsmightnothavetimetoreact. Other times, signals might be unreliable, causing organisms to prepare themselves for changes that then do not occur. Here,wefocusonsuchunreliablesignalsthatindicatetheonsetofadverseconditions.Weuseanalyticalandindividual- based models to investigate the evolution of simple rules that organisms use to decide whether or not to switch to a protective state. We find evolutionary transitions towards organisms that use a combination of random switching and switching in response to the signal. We also observe that, in spatially heterogeneous environments, selection on the switchingstrategydependsonthecompositionofthepopulation,andonpopulationsize.Theseresultsareinlinewith recentexperimentsthatshowedthatmanyunicellularorganismscanattaindifferentphenotypicstatesinaprobabilistic manner,andleadtotestablepredictionsabouthowthiscouldhelporganismscopewithunreliablesignals. Citation:ArnoldiniM,MostowyR,BonhoefferS,AckermannM(2012)EvolutionofStressResponseintheFaceofUnreliableEnvironmentalSignals.PLoSComput Biol8(8):e1002627.doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002627 Editor:CarlT.Bergstrom