Evidence for Co-Evolution between Human MicroRNAs and Alu-Repeats 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence for Co-Evolution between Human MicroRNAs and Alu-Repeats 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence for Co-Evolution between Human MicroRNAs and Alu-Repeats 英文参考文献

EvidenceforCo-EvolutionbetweenHumanMicroRNAs andAlu-Repeats StefanLehnert1,PeterVanLoo2,3,4,PushpikeJ.Thilakarathne5,PeterMarynen2,3,GeertVerbeke5, FransC.Schuit1* 1GeneExpressionUnit,DepartmentofMolecularCellBiology,KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven,Leuven,Belgium,2DepartmentofMolecularandDevelopmentalGenetics, VIB,Leuven,Belgium,3DepartmentofHumanGenetics,KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven,Leuven,Belgium,4Bioinformaticsgroup,DepartmentofElectricalEngineering, KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven,Leuven,Belgium,5BiostatisticalCentre,U.Z.Sint-Rafae¨l,KatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven,Leuven,Belgium Abstract ThispaperconnectsAlurepeats,themostabundantrepetitiveelementsinthehumangenomeandmicroRNAs,smallRNAs thataltergeneexpressionatthepost-transcriptionallevel.Base-paircomplementaritycouldbedemonstratedbetweenthe seedsequenceofasubsetofhumanmicroRNAsandAlurepeatsthatareintegratedparallel(sense)inmRNAs.Themost common target site coincides with the evolutionary most conserved part of Alu. A primate-specific gene cluster on chromosome19encodesthemajorityofmiRNAsthattargetthemostconservedsenseAlusite.TheindividualmiRNAgenes withinthisclusterareflankedbyanAlu-LINEsignature,whichhasbeenduplicatedwiththeclusteredmiRNAgenes.Gene duplicationeventsinthislocusaresupportedbycomparingrepeatlengthvariationsoftheLINEelementswithinthecluster withthoseintherestofthechromosome.Thus,adualrelationshipexistsbetweenanevolutionaryyoungmiRNAcluster andtheirAlutargetsthatmayhaveevolvedinthesametimewindow.Onehypothesisforthisdualrelationshipisthatthese miRNAscouldprotectagainsttoohighratesofduplicativetransposition,whichwoulddestroythegenome. Citation:LehnertS,VanLooP,ThilakarathnePJ,MarynenP,VerbekeG,etal.(2009)EvidenceforCo-EvolutionbetweenHumanMicroRNAsandAlu-Repeats.PLoS ONE4(2):e4456.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004456 Editor:AlanChristoffels,UniversityofWesternCape,SouthAfrica ReceivedJuly31,2008;AcceptedDecember16,2008;PublishedFebruary11,2009 Copyright: ? 2009 Lehnert et al. This is an open-access article distri