Evolution of Surname Distribution under Gender-Equality Measures 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evolution of Surname Distribution under Gender-Equality Measures 英文参考文献.doc

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Evolution of Surname Distribution under Gender-Equality Measures 英文参考文献

EvolutionofSurnameDistributionunderGender- EqualityMeasures LuisF.Lafuerza,RaulToral* IFISC(InstitutodeFsicaInterdisciplinarySistemasComplejos),CSIC-UIB,CampusUIB,PalmadeMallorca,Spain Abstract Weconsideramodelfortheevolutionofsurnamedistributionunderagender-equalitymeasurecurrentlybeingdiscussed bytheSpanishParliament(wherebychildrenwouldadopttheirmother’sandfather’ssurnamesinalphabeticalorder).We quantifyhowthiswouldbiasthealphabeticaldistributionofsurnames,andanalyzeitseffectonthepresentdistributionof surnamesinSpain. Citation: Lafuerza LF, Toral R (2011) Evolution of Surname Distribution under Gender-Equality Measures. PLoS ONE 6(4): e18105. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0018105 Editor:YamirMoreno,UniversityofZaragoza,Spain ReceivedDecember22,2010;AcceptedFebruary21,2011;PublishedApril14,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Lafuerza, Toral. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:TheauthorsacknowledgefinancialsupportbytheMICINN(Spain)andFEDER(EU)throughprojectFIS2007-60327.L.F.L.issupportedbytheJAEPredoc programofCSIC.Thefundershadnoroleinstudydesign,datacollectionandanalysis,decisiontopublish,orpreparationofthemanuscript. CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:raul@ifisc.uib-csic.es Introduction Analysis In Spain, as in many other countries, children usually inherit theirfather’ssurname.Asaconsequence,themother’ssurnameis lost in the child’s generation (in Spain, however, the mother’s surnameiskeptasasecondsurname,itisconsequentlytotallylost in the grand-children’s generation). Nowadays, in Spain, parents canagreeuponwhetheritisthemother’sorfather’ssurnamethat isgiventotheirchildren,butifparentsdonotreachanagreement, itwillautomaticallybethefather’ssurnamethatisinheritedbythe children.Duetogender-equalityissues,anewlawisunderreview whereby, if eit