Expression of Wnt Signaling Components during Xenopus Pronephros Development 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Expression of Wnt Signaling Components during Xenopus Pronephros Development 英文参考文献.doc

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Expression of Wnt Signaling Components during Xenopus Pronephros Development 英文参考文献

ExpressionofWntSignalingComponentsduring XenopusPronephrosDevelopment BoZhang1,2,UyenTran1,OliverWessely1* 1Lerner ResearchInstitute/Cleveland Clinic,Department ofCellBiology, Cleveland,Ohio, United StatesofAmerica, 2Louisiana StateUniversity (LSU) Health Sciences Center,DepartmentofCellBiologyAnatomy,NewOrleans,Louisiana,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background: The formation of the vertebrate kidney is tightly regulated and relies on multiple evolutionarily conserved inductiveevents.Thesearepresentinthecomplexmetanephrickidneyofhighervertebrates,butalsointhemoreprimitive pronephric kidney functional in the larval stages of amphibians and fish. Wnts have long been viewed as central in this process. Canonical b-Catenin-dependent Wnt signaling establishes kidney progenitors and non-canonical b-Catenin- independent Wnt signaling participate in the morphogenetic processes that form the highly sophisticated nephron structure. While some individual Wnt signaling components have been studied extensively in the kidney, the overall pathwayhasnotyetbeenanalyzedindepth. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:HerewereportadetailedexpressionanalysisofallWntligands,receptorsandseveral downstream Wnt effectors during pronephros development in Xenopus laevis using in situ hybridization. Out of 19 Wnt ligands,onlythree,Wnt4,Wnt9aandWnt11,arespecificallyexpressedinthepronephros.OtherssuchasWnt8aarepresent, butinabroaderdomaincomprisingadjacenttissuesinadditiontothekidney.ThesameparadigmisobservedfortheWnt receptorsanditsdownstreamsignalingcomponents.Fzd1,Fzd4,Fzd6,Fzd7,Fzd8aswellasCelsr1andPrickle1showdistinct expression domains in the pronephric kidney, whereas the non-traditional Wnt receptors, Ror2 and Ryk, as well as the majorityoftheeffectormoleculesareratherubiquitous.Inadditiontothisspatialregulation,thetimingofexpressionisalso tightly regulated. In particular, non-canonical Wnt signaling seems to be restricted to later stages of pronephros development. Conclusion/Significance: T